Captain's Web Portal

Page layout algorithm improvement in Google

2012-01-25T02:16:00.000-08:00

Google has improve their Page layout algorithm This algorithmic change noticeably affects less than 1% of searches globally. That means that in less than one in 100 searches, a typical user might notice a reordering of results on the search page. If you believe that your website has been affected by the page layout algorithm change, consider how your web pages use the area above-the-fold and whether the content on the page is obscured or otherwise hard for users to discern quickly. You can use our Browser Size tool, among many others, to see how your website would look under different screen resolutions.

If you decide to update your page layout, the page layout algorithm will automatically reflect the changes as we re-crawl and process enough pages from your site to assess the changes. How long that takes will depend on several factors, including the number of pages on your site and how efficiently Googlebot can crawl the content. On a typical website, it can take several weeks for Googlebot to crawl and process enough pages to reflect layout changes on the site.

CAPTAIN SEO PORTAL

Happy New Year 2012 Greetings

2011-12-29T05:21:00.000-08:00

Happy New Year 2012 Wishes

2011-12-29T05:09:00.000-08:00

New Year Messages

Naya Savera Nayi Kiran Ke Sath
Naya Din Ek Pyari Si Muskaan Ke Sath
Aapko Naya Saal Mubarak Ho Dher Sari Duaon Ke Sath

My lips want to kiss you,
My eyes want to see you,
My hands want to touch you,
every part of me wants you,
Maybe bcause i was made just for you!
“Happy New Year”

Dekho ji! Saaf kehna sukhi rahna! Abi msg kr diya hai,
Q ki 31 DEC. KO paise katenge. HAPPY NEW YEAR in aDvaNce
Dil apni jagah h, Or bill apni jagah.

Day by day teri khusiya ho jaye Double,
Teri zindagi se delete ho jaye sare Trouble,
Khuda rakkhe humesha tujhe Smart & Fit,
Tera liye New Year ho Super-Duper Hit!!
Oh my Dear, 4get ur Fear,
Let all ur Dreams be Clear,
Never put Tear, Please Hear,
I want 2 tell one thing in ur Ear
Wishing u a very Happy NEW YEAR

A happy New Year Grant that I
May bring no tear to any eye,
When this New Year in time shall end
Let it be said I've played the friend,
Have lived and loved here,
And made of it a happy year.

ONE GLASS WATER,
ONE GLASS BEER,
OH MY DEAR,
"HAPPY NEW YEAR"

Like birds, let us,
leave behind what we dont need to carry,
GRUDGES SADNESS PAIN FEAR and REGRETS.
Life is beautiful, Enjoy it.
HAPPY NEW YEAR 2012

Before the golden sun sets,
2011's calender is destroyed,
And mobile networks get jammed,
I wish in 2012 every moment is enjoyed!!!

This is last evening of 2011
Last sun of 2011
Has spread its shine
On earth,
Feel remaining
Moments of last day,
Scatter happiness
Best of luck for 2012

Nights are Dark but Days are Light,
Wish your Life will always be Bright.
So my Dear don't get Fear
Coz, God Gift us a "BRAND NEW YEAR".
*HAPPY NEW YEAR*

Memorable moment r celebrated together,
U r my best friend for now & forever,
Make me Miss U even more this New Year,
Hope this 2012 bring Happiness for you Dear.

JAYPEE GARDEN ISLES at Sector 133 Noida

2011-10-22T09:32:00.000-07:00

Jaypee Garden Isles Sector 133 Noida - Jaypee Greens has launched their new luxurious Premium wishtown JAYPEE GARDEN ISLES at Sector 133 Noida. Jaypee Garden Isles noida project has a unique master plan at Sector 133 Noida. Call 9650861517

Jaypee Garden Isles offering Natural Light with 2 side view in 3/4 BHK luxurious apartments at Noida Expressway. Jaypee Gardens Isles has all the modern features which makes it's Dream Project.

Jaypee Greens Garden Isles is ultra luxurious residential apartment’s project with 70% Green area in Noida, an assortment of almost everything within 32 acres.

3BHK+3Toilet+Worker(Type B1) ‐ 1900 sq.ft
3BHK+Family+Worker(Type C1) – 2100 sq.ft
3BHK+Family+Worker(Type C2) ‐ 2100 sq.ft
4BHK+Family/Study+Worker(Type D1) – 2625 sq.ft
4BHK+Family/Study+Worker(Type D2) – 2625 sq.ft

For Booking and Information Call:

9650861517
9650861518
9650861519

click for Floor Plan for Jaypee Garden Isles Sector 133 noida

click for Price List

Jaypee Garden Isles Sector 133 Noida, Jaypee Garden Isles Sector 133 Noida, Jaypee Greens Garden Isles, Jaypee Greens Garden Isles Noida, Garden Isles, Garden Isles Noida, Noida Expressway Property

CAD/CAM TRAINING Center in Noida Delhi NCR

2011-10-04T07:03:00.000-07:00

NIEST CAD/CAM TRAINING is a separate unit for training to the CAD students, our courses on CAD/CAM are widely accepted. Lab classroom activities are supplemented by practice & project work.

AutoCAD Duration: 2 months

2D- Drafting (Main Topics)

Introduction to Computer & CAD

About Tool Box

Concepts of Drawings

Drawings simple Sketches

Line & Line type, Arc, Circle, Polygon, Draw & redraw & Modify

Co-ordinates System

Limits, Units

Dimension, Layer

Region, Region all, Edit with Grip

Text, block, import & Export

Complete 2D CAD Drawings

Overview of Plotting etc.

3D Modeling (Main Topics)

3d Co-Ordinates

Face, surface

Solid editing, 3d operation

3d-Rotate & align

Meshes, View, UCS, Shade & Render

Image & lights

Creating 2d objects in 3d & complete 3d Drawing

Overview of Plotting etc.

Productivity Tools (Optional)

Group, Block & W-block, Insert, m-slide,V-slide, Run

Script filter, external reference, view port & layout

m-insert, OLE object, Plots, DB-connect, e-transmit public to web attribute.

Pro/E Wildfire (Main Topics) (Duration: 90 Hrs.)
- Introduction to Pro-E Features - Sketcher - Solid (Part Modeling) - Drawing & Detailing - Surface Modeling - Sheet Metal - Assembly Modeling

Delhi Center:

A-1187-88 G.D. Colony Mayur Vihar –III
Delhi-110096
Tel: +91-011-22625065/66, 9818857877
E-Mail : niesteducation@gmail.com
niesteducation@rediffmail.com,
niestinstitute@gmail.com

http://www.niest.in, http://www.niest-education.org

Noida Center:

Sec-22, Opp. Rajkiya Inter college
(Main Road 12-22)
Noida-201301
Tel: 0120-4349394, 9350006396/ 8527237497
E-Mail : niesteducation@gmail.com
niesteducation@rediffmail.com
niestinstitute@gmail.com

Greater Noida Center:

218-219, Krishna Apra Plaza,
Alpha-1 Commercial belt
Second Floor
Greater Noida
Tel: 0120-4334159, 8527237497
E-Mail : niesteducation@gmail.com
niesteducation@rediffmail.com

for more information visit

http://niest-education.org

http://niest.in

What is Lokpal Bill

2011-04-13T03:25:00.000-07:00

The Jan Lokpal Bill (Citizen's ombudsman Bill) is a draft anti-corruption bill drawn up by prominent civil society activists seeking the appointment of a Jan Lokpal, an independent body that would investigate corruption cases, complete the investigation within a year and envisages trial in the case getting over in the next one year. A look at the salient features of Jan Lokpal Bill:

1. An institution called LOKPAL at the centre and LOKAYUKTA in each state will be set up

2. Like Supreme Court and Election Commission, they will be completely independent of the governments. No minister or bureaucrat will be able to influence their investigations.

3. Cases against corrupt people will not linger on for years anymore: Investigations in any case will have to be completed in one year. Trial should be completed in next one year so that the corrupt politician, officer or judge is sent to jail within two years.

4. The loss that a corrupt person caused to the government will be recovered at the time of conviction.

5. How will it help a common citizen: If any work of any citizen is not done in prescribed time in any government office, Lokpal will impose financial penalty on guilty officers, which will be given as compensation to the complainant.

Funny Pictures

2011-02-23T06:00:00.000-08:00

Tiger BABA

BREAK FAST OR FSAT

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2011

2011-01-20T02:26:00.000-08:00

Social Media

2010-07-07T01:22:00.000-07:00

Social media are media for social interaction, using highly accessible and scalable publishing techniques. Social media use web-based technologies to transform and broadcast media monologues into social media dialogues.
Social Media can take many different form like internet forum, Weblog, Social blog, Micro blogging, Wiki, Podcasts, Picture/Images , Video Posting, and Social Bookmarking.
Some good Social Media and Social Bookmarking sites list :

Graphics Designing & Computer Education Center In NOIDA DELHI NCR

2010-06-02T07:21:00.000-07:00

Learning center of PTU, SMU, KSOU, DOEACC

NIESTCertified - Multimedia Courses
ADVANCE DIPLOMA IN GRAPICS- MULTIMEDIA & ANIMATION (ADGMA)
SEMESTER-I GRAPHIC DESIGNINGCOMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL
ADOBE PAGEMAKER 7.0
DESIGNING WITH CORELDRAW
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR
FREE HAND
QUARK X-PRESS
PRINTING CONCEPT

SEMESTER-II MULTINEDIA
ANIMATION WITH FLASH
ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR
ADOBE PREMIERE
ANIMATION 2D & INTERACTIVITY
ANIMATION 3D &WALK THROUGH CONCEPTS
SOUND RECORDING EDITING, MIXING, PROJECT

NIEST COMPUTER EDUCATION

http://niest-education.org/

Optimize PDF Files for Search Engine

2010-05-07T05:27:00.000-07:00

Portable Document Format (PDF) is the file format for presenting device-independent documents on and off the Web. PDFs are an efficient way to accurately describe simple to intricate documents for screen or print output. A PDF document is a collection of objects with structural information in a self-contained series of bytes. PDF is a page description language, like PostScript but simplified with restricted functionality (no programming like PostScript) to be more lightweight.
There are some PDF optimization Tips:
Creating Small PDFs
Avoid Refried Graphics
Use Vector Graphics
Minimize Fonts
Make sure your PDFs are text based.
Build links into PDFs
Pay attention to the version
Optimize the file size for search
Pay attention to placement
Specify the reading order
Tag your PDFs

Podcast : Audio , video Optimization

2010-04-27T04:37:00.000-07:00

A podcast is a series of digital media files (audio or video) that are released in episods and often downloaded through web syndication.
A podcast is a digital audio or video file that is episodic, downloadable, programme-driven, mainly with a host and/or theme, and convenient, usually via an automated feed with computer software. To avoid a term suggestive of "iPod", some use the term netcast instead of podcast.
Metadata and podcasts
In the past, many multimedia search engines relied heavily on metadata to determine relevancy. Now these search engines are able to utilize speech recognition to determine the content of an audio file.

Two Color Flower

2009-08-21T23:48:00.000-07:00

Half-yellow, half pink. chrysanthemum Flower

http://captainportal.com

How to pass

2009-08-19T20:41:00.000-07:00

Flying Baloon

2009-08-17T21:43:00.000-07:00

http://CaptainPortal.com

Love Dog

2009-08-17T21:24:00.000-07:00

http://CaptainPortal.com

New Tool for Communication and Collaboration on the Web- Google Wave

2009-07-29T03:11:00.000-07:00

Google Wave is launching a new tool for communication and collaboration on the web, coming later this year.
People can communicate and work together with richly formatted text, photos, videos, maps, and more. A wave is shared. A wave is live.

for more information click Google Wave

Google's New Operating System Chrome OS

2009-07-10T01:08:00.000-07:00

Google is finally making official about launching OS, Google Operating System Crome OS will release in 2010.
The OS will run on both ARM and x86 CPUs, the latter being the most common PC chip architecture on the planet, used on virtually every PC produced today.

New Search Engine of Microsoft -- BING

2009-05-30T03:51:00.000-07:00

Microsoft Launching its new Search Engine BING. It includes the features thar deliver the best result presented in more organized way to Simplyfy key tasks.
Features of bing like Cashback , price Predictor help to get the best price.

The secret of success is in your Room

2009-05-14T02:53:00.000-07:00

************************************************
Fan says - Be cool.
Roof says - Aim high.
Window says - Take pain.
Clock says - Each minute is precious.
Mirror says - Reflected before you act.
Calendar says - Be upto date.
Door says - Push.
Lamp says - Light up your future.
************************************************

for more CaptainPortal.com

NIEST Web Com (P) Ltd.

2009-05-04T04:34:00.000-07:00

Authorized Learning and Study Center in NOIDA, GREATER NOIDA, DELHI
SIKKIM MANIPAL UNIVERSITY (SMU)
SMU - Ranked No.1 for Distance Learning. BCA, BBA, MCA, MBA
PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (PTU)PTU Offers UGC Recognized IT & Management Degree Programs like BCA, B.Sc(IT), M.Sc (IT), PGDCA, BBA, MCA, MBA.
KARNATKA STATE OPEN UNIVERSITY (KSOU) KSOU Offers UGC Recognized IT & Management Degree Programs like MBA, M. TECH.
IASE University Rajasthan IASE Offers UGC Recognized Diploma Courses.

Accrediate Center
NIEST Computer Education is Accrediate center of DOEACC society, offers DOEACC O and A Level Courses.
NIEST Web Com (P) Ltd.
Regd. Under company registration Act. 1956 Govt. of Delhi, India Registration No. 55-107410. Company main objective to develop Customize Software depend client’s requirement & also Training for advanced programming course & project training cum placement in JAVA, J2EE, .NET FRAMEWORK, PHP & MYSQL, SQT only for IT Professional B.E., B.Tech., MCA & Final Semester students.

NIEST Computer Education
NIEST(National Institute of Education & Software Technology) established in 1994, with specific aim to conduct state of the art computer courses primarily for poor & unemployed boys and girls for rural & urban areas to impart quality computer education in the field of Information Technology.

We are committed to provide best Computer education and courses in Delhi NCR.

Training for advanced programming course & project training cum placement for IT Professional B.E., B.Tech., MCA & Final Semester students. We Offers Training in
1. JAVA & J2EE (CORE AND ADVANCED).

2. DOT NET (VB.NET, ASP.NET, C#, .NETFRAMWORK)

3. SOFTWARE QUALITY TESTING.

4. ORACLE PL/SQL APPLICATIONS

5. UNIX, LINUX, WINDOWS ADMINISTRATOR.

6. PHP & MYSQL 7. C , C++, DATA STRUCTURE
7. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

http://niest-education.org/

Group Discussion

2009-04-13T06:16:00.000-07:00

HOW TO RECRUIT THE RIGHT PERSON

2009-04-06T07:06:00.000-07:00

HOW TO RECRUIT THE RIGHT PERSON FOR THE JOB?
Put about 100 bricks in someParticular order in a closedRoom with an Open window.
Then send 2 or 3 candidates inThe room and close the door.
Leave them alone and come backAfter 6 hours and then analyzeThe situation.

If they are counting the Bricks. Put them in the accounts Department.

If they are recounting them. Put them in auditing.

If they have messed up theWhole place with the bricks. Put them in engineering.

If they are arranging theBricks in some strange order. Put them in planning.

If they are throwing theBricks at each other. Put them in operations.

If they are sleeping. Put them in security.

If they have broken the bricks Into pieces. Put them in information Technology.

If they are sitting idle. Put them in human resources.

If they say they have tried Different combinations, yetNot a brick has Been moved.
Put them in sales.

If they have already left for The day. Put them in marketing.

If they are staring out of the Window. Put them on strategic Planning.

And then last but not least.
If they are talking to eachOther and not a single brickHas been Moved.
Congratulate them and put them In top management.

World's first view of our planet EARTH

2008-11-20T02:17:00.000-08:00

The world's first view of our planet, taken on August 23, 1966, when the Lunar Orbiter 1 was on its 16th orbit and just about to pass behind the Moon.
The restored 1966 NASA image of Earth rising behind the Moon
The 1966 NASA image of the moon and the restored version

Why GOD allows pain and suffering ?

2008-09-30T06:20:00.000-07:00

This is one of the best explanations of why God allows pain and suffering that I have seen....
A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut and his beard trimmed. As the barber began to work, they began to have a good conversation.They talked about so many things and various subjects.
When they eventually touched on the subject of God, the barber said: "I don't believe that God exists." Find Your True Love on Sirfdosti!!

"Why do you say that?" asked the customer. "Well, you just have to go out in the street to realize that God doesn't exist. Tell me, if God exists, would there be so many sick people? Would there be abandoned children? Find Your True Love on Sirfdosti!!

If God existed, there would be neither suffering nor pain.
I can't imagine a loving God who would allow all of these things."
The customer thought for a moment, but didn't respond because he didn't want to start an argument. The barber finished his job and the customer left the shop.

Just after he left the barbershop, he saw a man in the street with long, stringy, dirty hair and an untrimmed beard.
He looked dirty and unkempt..
The customer turned back and entered the barber shop again and he said to the barber:
"You know what? Barbers do not exist."
"How can you say that?" asked the surprised barber.
"I am here, and I am a barber. And I just worked on you!"
"No!" the customer exclaimed. "Barbers don't exist because
if they did, there would be no people with dirty long hair and untrimmed beards, like that man outside."

"Ah, but barbers DO exist! That's what happens when people do not come to me."
"Exactly!" affirmed the customer. "That's the point! God, too, DOES exist!
That's what happens when people do not go to Him and don't look to Him for help.
That's why there's so much pain and suffering in the world."
captainportal

Google's Web Browser " Google Chrome "

2008-09-02T03:01:00.001-07:00

Google Chrome is an open source web browser developed by Google. Its software architecture was engineered from scratch to cater for the changing needs of users and acknowledging that today most web sites aren't web pages but web applications. Design goals include stability, speed, security and a clean, simple and efficient user interface.
Some Features of Google Chrome:
Search from the address bar
Thumbnails of your top sites
Private browsing

Click here to Download Google chrome

Illusion

2008-08-11T03:31:00.000-07:00

Blog of Indian Film Stars

2008-06-10T03:55:00.000-07:00

Amitabh Bachchan: Amitabh Bachchan's BLOG

Salman Khan : Salman Khan's BLOG

Amir Khan: Amir Khan's BLOG

Funny Quotes

2008-05-28T02:48:00.000-07:00

Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute, and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour, and it seems like a minute. THAT'S relativity.
If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts.
Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.
Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.
Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
Great minds discuss ideas. Average minds discuss events. Small minds discuss people.
The 50-50-90 rule: Anytime you have a 50-50 chance of getting something right, there's a 90% probability you'll get it wrong.
God does not ask about our ability, but our availability.
We spend the first twelve months of our children's lives teaching them to walk and talk and the next twelve telling them to sit down and shut up.
The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits.

Kamla Nehru Institute Of Technology, Sultanpur

2008-04-07T02:42:00.000-07:00

History
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology (KNIT), is a prominent state government funded engineering college in Uttar Pradesh Affiliated to UPTech University Lucknow(UP).
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology (KNIT), Sultanpur is a prominent state government funded engineering college in Uttar Pradesh. KNIT was Initially Established as the Faculty of Technology in Kamla Nehru Institute of Science and Technology, Sultanpur in the year 1976 by Kamla Nehru Memorial Trust. It was taken over by the govt. of Uttar Pradesh in 1979 with a view to develop a full-fledged engineering institute in the Eastern UP region better known as the Awadh region. Later, in the year 1983 it was registered as a separate society and renamed as the Kamla Nehru Institute Of Technology.
The Institute is one of the leading technical institutions of the region and is responsible for producing top-grade engineers with skill sets comparable with the best in the world. Being fully aware of its social responsibilities and the addressing the issue of application of technology to industry, it also renders the testing and consultancy services to the neighbouring industries and various other agencies. The institute is presently affiliated to U.P Technical University , Lucknow.
Courses Offered
The Institute offers following courses:
Under-Graduate Programs: B.Tech (4 years - 8 semesters)
1: Civil Engineering
2: Computer Science
3: Electrical Engineering
4: Electronics Engineering
5: Information Technology
6: Mechanical Engineering

Master of Computer Applications (MCA) (3 years - 6 semesters)
Started in 1988 with intake of 60

Full-time Post Graduate (M.Tech)
Programme in Power Electronics & Drive under Electrical Engineering Department
Part - Time (M.Tech) Programme (5 Semesters) Course
1: Civil Engineering (Water Resources Engineering /Geotechnical Engineering)
2: Electrical Engineering (Solid State Control / Power System)
3: Mechanical Engineering (Machine Design / Industrial System Engineering)
4: Electronics Engineering (Digital Electronics & Systems )
Doctoral Programme: Ph.D.
1: Civil Engineering
2: Computer Sc. & Engineering
3: Electrical Engineering
4: Electronics Engineering
5: Applied Mathematics
6: Applied Physics
7: Applied Chemistry
8: Humanities

Academic Building

Administration Block

Central Library of KNIT

KNIT Hostel

KNIT Alumni family together at one platform
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/knit_global/

Yahoo! oneSearch with voice In Your MOBILE

2008-04-04T02:03:00.000-07:00

With Yahoo! oneSearch™ with voice, it’s fast and easy to search for anything you need when you’re mobile. Just speak into your phone and get relevant and accurate results from Yahoo! oneSearch, an industry leading mobile search product. Now, mobile search that practically reads your mind also listens to what you have to say.

Unlike traditional voice recognition systems, Yahoo! oneSearch with voice allows you use your natural way of speaking to initiate a search. Just say anything you would type in the search box, and get accurate answers. Ask for restaurant listings, movie showtimes, sports scores or flight status and the answer will be delivered, right to your phone. In the mood for Japanese food? Just say “Sushi Restaurants in San Francisco” to find restaurants near you. Or, check flight status instantly by just saying “United Airlines 1505.” Say virtually anything that’s on your mind—Yahoo! oneSearch with voice will get you what you need to know.

Search Google On your Wrist with GWatch

2008-04-03T01:53:00.000-07:00

GOOGLE WATCH

The Google USB Search Watch (Model #8002RPA10; estimated retail $89) will bring Google’s popular search engine technology to a wristwatch. Apparently users will be able to use a modified Google API to view search results on your wrist. At launch, the “GWatch” will be limited to local search results–your zip, city, or state. Google has plans to turn the GWatch into a mobile adding widgets, RSS feeds, and YouTube videos in the future. By plugging the watch into your computer and downloading the compressed local index, you’ll be able to search more than 100 million geo-targeted web pages.

इंग्लिश का सबसे लंबा शब्द

2008-01-02T03:20:00.001-08:00

PNEUMONOULTRAMICROSCOPICSILICOVOLCANOCONIOSIS
यानी न्यूमनोअल्ट्रामाइक्रॉस्कोपिकसिलिकोवॉलकेनोकोनीयोसिस।

यह एक बीमारी का नाम है जो फेफड़े में बहुत ही महीन धूल और राख के कणों के जाने से होती है।

Freelancer - पैसे दो और मेरा भाला ले लो

2008-01-02T03:16:00.000-08:00

FREELANCER
यह शब्द बना जब एक योद्धा ने कहा कि उसका भाला ( LANCE ) आज़ाद है और कोई भी पैसे देकर उससे युद्ध करवा सकता है। यानी फ्रीलांसर वे सैनिक थे जो पैसे लेकर किसी के लिए भी लड़ने को तैयार थे। आजकल ऐसे लोगों के लिए MERCENARY (भाड़े के सैनिक) शब्द का इस्तेमाल होता है और फ्रीलांसर उन लोगों को कहते हैं जो किसी संस्थान से न जुड़े हों और स्वतंत्र तौर पर काम करते हों। आम तौर पर यह पत्रकारों के मामले में यूज़ किया जाता है। वे पत्रकार जो किसी अखबार या मैगज़ीन से न जुड़े हों और स्वतंत्र तौर पर काम करते हों, उन्हें फ्रीलांस जर्नलिस्ट कहा जाता है। यह अलग बात है कि आज के फ्रीलांसर के पास भाला नहीं, कलम, कैमरा या कंप्यूटर होता है।

Happy New Year 2008 & 25 Years of TCP/IP Protocol Suite

2008-01-01T06:28:00.000-08:00

The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the internet and most commercial networks run. It has also been referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is named after two of the most important protocols in it: theTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were also the first two networking protocols defined. Today's IP networking represents a synthesis of two developments that began in the 1960s and 1970s, namely LANs (Local Area Networks) and the Internet, which, together with the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in , have revolutionized computing.

The Internet Protocol suite—like many protocol suites—can be viewed as a set of layers. Each layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data, and provides a well-defined service to the upper layer protocols based on using services from some lower layers. Upper layers are logically closer to the user and deal with more abstract data, relying onlower layer protocols to translate data into forms that can eventually be physically transmitted. The TCP/IP reference model consists of four layers.

In 1975, a two-network TCP/IP communications test was performed between Stanford and University College London (UCL). In November, 1977, a three-network TCP/IP test was conducted between the U.S., UK, and Norway. Between 1978 and 1983, several other TCP/IP prototypes were developed at multiple research centres. A full form of TCP/IP on the ARPANET took place January 1, 1983.

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2008

2007-12-31T00:58:00.000-08:00

New Year - Employee Rules and Regulations

2007-12-27T02:47:00.000-08:00

***Dress Code***
It is advised that you come to work dressed according to your salary.If we see you wearing Prada shoes and carrying a Gucci bag, we assume you are doing well financially and therefore do not need a raise. If you dress poorly, you need to learn to manage your money better,so that you may buy nicer clothes, and therefore do not need a raise.If you dress just right, you are right where you need to be and therefore do not need a raise.

***Sick Days***

We will no longer accept a doctor's statement as proof of sickness. If you are able to go to the doctor, you are able to come to work.

***Personal Days***

Each employee will receive 104 personal days a year. They are called Saturday and Sunday.

*Toilet Use*

Entirely too much time is being spent in the toilet. There is now a strict three-minute time limit in the stalls. At the end of the three minutes, an alarm will sound, the toilet paper roll will retract, the stall door will open and a picture will be taken. After your second offence, your picture will be posted on the company bulletin board under the "Chronic Offenders category". Anyone caught smiling in the picture will be sectioned under the company's mental health policy! You are allowed to use the rest room only thrice a day and you have to swipe in and out from the toilet doors also.

*Lunch Break*

Skinny people get 30 minutes for lunch as they need to eat more, so that they can look healthy.Normal size people get 15 minutes for lunch to get a balanced meal to maintain their average figure. Fat people get 5 minutes for lunch, because that's all the time needed to drink a slim fast.

*Mails*

Don't read junk and forwarded mails.

Thank you for your loyalty to our company.We are here to provide a positive employment experience. Therefore,All questions, comments,concerns, complaints, frustrations, irritations, aggravations, insinuations, allegations, accusations, contemplations,consternation and input should be directed elsewhere.

The Management.

Credit Card

2007-12-05T06:00:00.000-08:00

A credit card is small plastic card used as a mode of payment once issued by the credit card company to the users after checking user information. In debit card user has already money in his account and if user made payment with debit card , company charged the money from user account and takes required money. A credit card is different from a debit card in that it does not remove money from the user's account after every transaction. In credit cards, the issuer lends money to the consumer (or the user) to be paid to the merchant. User purchase any thing and gives payment through credit card and user paid those money to the credit card company in a certin time period. Credit card company charges some interest on the amount spent after certain time period. A user can spend money up to credit card limit , Credit card company fix the limit of the credit card

An example of the front of a typical credit card:

1. Issuing bank logo
2. EMV chip
3. Hologram
3. Card number
4. Card brand logo
5. Expiry Date Cardholder's name

6. Expiry Date

7. Cardholder's name

An example of the reverse side of a typical credit card:

1. Magnetic Stripe
2. Signature Strip
3. Card Security Code

Mohammed Rafi a unique Voice

2007-11-23T03:44:00.000-08:00

Mohammed Rafi (Hindi: मोहम्मद रफ़ी, Urdu: محمد رفیع, December 24, 1924 – July 31, 1980) was an Indian playback singer.He was one of the greatest Indian playback singers in Bollywood. Rafi still remains popular in India and in many other parts of the world with people of Indian origin. His voice is referred to as "the voice of god". He continues to inspire new Bollywood playback singers like Sonu Nigam, Mohammed Aziz, Shabbir Kumar and Anwar. Rafi sang many well known duets with Lata Mangeshkar, Geeta Dutt and Lata's sister Asha Bhosle. He has sung in many Indian languages like Hindi, Urdu, Marathi and Telugu, but he is chiefly remembered for his songs from Hindi cinema (also known as Bollywood). His songs are widely popular in the Indian subcontinent. Along with Mukesh and Kishore Kumar, he was one of the three leading male Bollywood playback singers from the 1950s to the 1970s

Early days

Mohammed Rafi was born at Kotla Sultan Singh (or Kotla Sultanpur), a town near Amritsar in undivided Punjab.His father was Hajji Ali Mohammad, and he had five older brothers. Rafi, whose pet name was Pheeko, started singing by imitating chants of a fakir in his village.In 1935-36, Rafi's father shifted to Lahore, and the rest of the family followed later. Rafi's family managed a men's salon in Lahore's Noor Mohalla. His elder brother-in-law Mohammed Hameed was aware of Rafi's love for music and encouraged it. Rafi learnt Hindustani classical music from Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Abdul Wahid Khan, Pandit Jiwanlal Matto and Firoze Nizami.
One day Rafi and his brother-in-law Hameed went to attend a performance by K. L. Saigal. But the legendary singer refused to sing because there was a power failure at the venue. Hameed went up to the organizer to ask whether his brother-in-law could sing to keep the audience quiet. That was Rafi's first public performance, at the age of 13. Rafi was noted by the composer Shyam Sunder, who gave him a chance to sing a duet Soniye nee, Heeriye nee with Zeenat Begum, in the Punjabi film Gul Baloch in 1942 (the film was released in 1944).Rafi was also invited by the Lahore radio station to be a permanent singer with them.

Initial days in Bombay

In 1944, Rafi decided to move to Bombay (now Mumbai). He was introduced to some leading film producers such as Abdul Rashid Kardar, Mehboob Khan and actor-director Nazeer by Tanvir Naqvi. He contacted the famous music director Naushad with a letter of recommendation from someone. Initially, Naushad used Rafi as part of a chorus. Rafi's first song with Naushad was Hindustan ke hum hain with Shyam Kumar, Alauddin and others, from A. R. Kardar's Pehle Aap (1944). Around the same time, Rafi recorded another song for the film Gaon ki Gori (1944) for the composer Shyam Sunder, Aji dil ho kaaboo mein with G. M. Durrani and chorus. He considered this song as his first Hindi language song. In 1945, Rafi got married to his cousin Bashira, nicknamed "Majhi", in his village.
In 1945, Rafi also appeared on the screen for the song "Tera Jalwa Jis Ne Dekha" in the film Laila Majnu. He sang a number of songs for Naushad as part of a chorus, including "Mere sapnon ki rani, Roohi Roohi" with K. L. Saigal from the film Shahjahan (1946). Rafi was first noted for the song Tera Khilona Toota Balak from Mehboob Khan's Anmol Ghadi (1946). His duet with Noor Jehan in the film Jugnu 1947, Yahan Badla Wafa Ka became a hit song.
In 1948, Rafi was also noted for the song Suno Suno Aye Duniya Walon Bapuji Ki Amar Kahani, written by Rajendra Krishan. He was invited by the Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, to sing at the latter's house. In 1948, Rafi received a silver medal from Nehru on the Indian Independence Day. In 1949, Rafi was given solo songs by music directors such as Naushad (Chandni Raat, Dillagi and Dulari), Shyam Sunder (Bazaar) and Husnalal Bhagatram (Meena Bazaar).

Rise to fame

Rafi established himself as the number one playback singer in Bollywood with the songs of Baiju Bawra (1952). The songs from Baiju Bawra, O duniya ke rakhwale and Man tarpat Hari darshan ko aaj established Rafi's credentials.The newly-started radio program Binaca Geetmala also played the songs, leading to an increase in their popularity. It is said that Talat Mahmood used to be Naushad's favorite singer. Once Naushad found Talat smoking during a recording. Annoyed, he hired Rafi to sing for Baiju Bawra[citation needed]. Rafi was a devout Muslim refrained from smoking and drinking alcohol. Later, Naushad started using Rafi as the male voice in almost every song composed by him. Rafi sang a total of 149 songs (81 of them solo) for Naushad.
In 1950s and 1960s, Rafi became the favorite singer of other composers too, notably O. P. Nayyar, Shankar Jaikishan and Sachin Dev Burman. S D Burman patronized Rafi as the singing voice of Dev Anand in 1950s and 1960s. Rafi's notable songs with S. D. Burman included songs from the movies Tere Ghar ke Saamne (1957), Pyaasa (1957), Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), Guide (1965), Aradhana (1969) and Abhimaan (1973). O P Nayyar was so impressed with Rafi that he got Rafi to sing a song Man mora baawara for singer-actor Kishore Kumar, in the movie Raagini. Rafi sang for Kishore Kumar in many other movies such as Baaghi, Shehzaada and Shararat. O. P. Nayyar used Rafi and Asha Bhosle for most of his songs. The team created many hit songs in early 1950s and 1960s for movies such as Naya Daur (1957), Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957) and Kashmir Ki Kali (1964). Rafi sang a total of 197 numbers (56 solo) for O P Nayyar. The team of Shankar Jaikishan and Rafi is noted for the songs picturized on Rajendra Kumar. Rafi sang a total of 341 numbers (216 solo) for Shankar-Jaikishan.
Rafi got his first Filmfare Award for the title song of Chaudhvin Ka Chand (1960), composed by Ravi. He got his first National Award for the song Babul Ki Duaen Leti Ja from the film Neel Kamal (1968), also composed by Ravi. Ravi and Rafi produced several other hit songs, in the films such as China Town (1962), Kaajal (1965), and Do Badan (1966). Madan Mohan was another composer whose favorite singer was Rafi. Rafi's first solo with Madan Mohan in Ankhen (1950) "Hum ishq mein barbad hain barbad rahenge" was a great hit.They teamed up to produce many hit songs including Teri Aankhon ke Siva, Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil and Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho. The composer duo Laxmikant-Pyarelal ("L-P") also patronized Rafi as one of their leading singers since their first released film, Parasmani (1963). Both Rafi and L-P won the Filmfare Awards for the song Chahoonga main tujhe saanjh savere from Dosti. Rafi sang a total of 369 numbers (186 solo) for LP. Rafi sang for many lesser-known composers as well. Once, when a minor composer, Nisar Bazmi (who migrated to Pakistan in early 1960s), did not have enough money to pay him, Rafi charged a fee of one rupee and sang for him.
In the 1960s, Rafi was not on good terms with Lata Mangeshkar, the most sought-after female playback singer in Bollywood, over royalty issues. Lata wanted Rafi to back her in demanding a half-share from the five percent song royalty that the film's producer conceded to select composers.But Rafi took a diametrically opposite view, and believed that a playback singer's claim on the filmmaker ended with the payment of agreed fee for the song. During the recording of Tasveer Teri Dil Mein (Maya, 1961), Lata lost her cool with Rafi in a certain passage of the song. Rafi felt belittled, as music director Salil Chowdhury sided with Lata.The situation worsened when Lata Mangeshkar declared that she would no longer sing with Rafi. Rafi stated that he was only so keen to sing with Lata as she was with him.Later, at the insistence of S.D.Burman, the two decided to make up and sing duets, but on a personal level, they were not on good terms.
Between 1950 and 1970, Rafi was the most sought after singer in Bollywood, some say, at the expense of the careers of contemporaries like Manna Dey, Talat Mahmood, and Hemant Kumar. He did playback singing for all the major male stars in Hindi films until his death. In 1965, he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Sri award.
Rafi recorded two hindi songs in English on 7" release in 1968. He also sang a song in Creole language, while his visit to Mauritius in the late 1960s.
Rafi recorded two English albums. One of them is Pop Hits. In Bollywood, yodeling is generally associated with Kishore Kumar. But Rafi also used yodeling in some of old songs, such as Hello sweety seventeen (duet with Asha Bhosle), O Chale ho kaha, Dilke Aine main, Unse Rippy Tippy Ho gayee (duet with Geeta Dutt).

Last years

From 1970-1976, Rafi's output was less, but he sang several hit songs during this period.[15]. Some of his hit songs in early 1970s were with music directors like L-P, Madan Mohan, R. D. Burman and S. D. Burman. Some of Rafi's popular songs from this period include Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil from Heer Ranjha (1970), Chura Liya Hain Tumne from Yaadon Ki Baarat, Yeh Jo Chilman Hain and Itna to Yaad Hain Mujhe from Mehboob Ki Mehndi, Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho from Hanste Zakhm (1973), Gulabi Aankhen from The Train, Aaj Mausam bada Beimaan hai from Loafer (1973), and Jhilmil Sitaron ka from Jeevan Mrityu (1974).
Rafi made a comeback as a leading playback singer in mid-1970s. In 1974, he won the Film World magazine Best Singer Award for the song Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad (Hawas) composed by Usha Khanna.[7] In 1977, he won both Filmfare Award and the National Award for the song Kya Hua Tera Wada from the movie Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin, composed by R. D. Burman.[8] Rafi did playback for Rishi Kapoor in films like Amar Akbar Anthony (1977), Sargam (1979) and Karz (1980). The qawwali Pardah Hai Pardah from Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) was a superhit. Rafi gave many other hit songs in late 1970s, notably for the films Laila Majnu (1976), Apnapan (1978), Qurbani, Dostana (1980) and The Burning Train (1980).
On Thursday, July 31, 1980 after composing the song Shaam phir kyun udaas hai dost for the movie Aas Paas with Laxmikant-Pyarelal (L-P), Rafi asked if he could leave for home. L-P were surprised because Rafi would be the last person to leave the recording session.[16] While leaving, Rafi said once again "OK. I will leave." Rafi died at 10.50 p.m. on the same day due to a massive heart attack. His funeral procession was one of the largest Mumbai ever witnessed.The whole Indian nation mourned his death for a long time and there was public holidays for two days in his honor. Shammi Kapoor, who was shooting outside Mumbai, rushed back to attend his funeral in Mumbai. Later, the Padma Shri Mohammed Rafi Chowk in the Bandra suburb of Mumbai was named after him.[17]
In his last years, Rafi was involved in controversy over Lata Mangeshkar's entry in the Guinness Book of World Records. In a letter dated June 11, 1977 to the Guinness Book of World Records, Rafi had challenged the claim that Lata Mangeshkar has recorded the maximum number of songs ("not less than 25,000" according to Guinness). After receiving a rather escapist reply from Guinness, in a letter dated November 20, 1979, he wrote: "I am disappointed that my request for a reassessment vis-a-vis Ms Mangeshkar's reported world record has gone unheeded.".[17] After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of Word Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings" but also stated: "Mohammad Rafi (d 1 Aug 1980) [sic] claimed to have recorded 28,000 songs in 11 Indian languages between 1944 and April 1980.".[18] Many fans of Rafi state that he has sung over 28,000 songs. However, according to the available figures, Rafi has sung 4,516 Hindi film songs, 112 non-Hindi film songs, and 328 private (non-film) songs from 1945 to 1980.[18] The Guinness Book entries for both Rafi and Lata were later removed in 1991

After death

Rafi's song from the film Gumnaam (1966), Jaan Pehechaan Ho, was used on the soundtrack of Ghost World (2001). The film opens with the lead character dancing around in her bedroom to a video of Gumnaam.[19] Several of Rafi's unreleased songs will be used for an upcoming film titled Sorry Madam.[20]
Even before Sonu Nigam Mehboob Chohan performed superbly in the heart of England with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra's A Tribute to Mohammed Rafi on the 7th April 2006. [www.mehboobchohan.co.uk]
The City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra released a CD entitled "Rafi Resurrected" in July 2007 comprising symphonic renditions of 18 songs by Rafi. Sonu Nigam will provide the vocals for this project.[21]
Both Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar are mentioned in Cornershop's homage to Indian playback musicians, "Brimful of Asha."
On Saturday 22 September 2007, a shrine to Rafi designed by artist Tasawar Bashir will be unveiled in Birmingham. Bashir is hoping that Rafi will attain sainthood as a result.[22]
Mohammed Rafi has 4 sons (Saeed Rafi, Khalid Rafi, Hamid Rafi, Shahid Rafi) and 3 daughters (Parveen, Nasreen, Yasmin) residing in London, UK and Mumbai, India. He was a Grandfather to 18 Grandchildren.

Awards

Government Awards
1948 - Rafi received a silver medal from the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on the

first anniversary of the Indian Independence Day.[6].
1965 - he was honoured with the Padmashri by the Government of India

National Film Awards

1977 - National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for Kya Hua Tera Wada song in the film Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin), composed by RD Burman, lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri

Filmfare Awards

Winner
1960 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Chaudhvin Ka Chand Ho song in the film Chaudhvin Ka Chand
1961 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Teri Pyaari Pyaari Surat Ko song in the film Sasural
1964 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Chahunga Mein Tujhe song in the film Dosti
1966 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Baharon Phool Barsao song in the film Suraj
1968 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Dil Ke Jharoke Mein song in the film Brahmachari
1977 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Kya Hua Tera Vaada song in the film Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin

Nominated

1961 - Husnwale Tera Jawaab Nahin song in the film Gharana
1962 - Aye Gulbadan Aye Gulbadan song in the film Professor
1963 - Mere Mehboob Tujhe song in the film Mere Mehboob
1965 - Choo Lene Do Nazuk Hothon Ko song in the film Kaajal
1968 - Mein Gaaon Tum Sojaao song in the film Brahmachari
1968 - Babul Ki Duayein Leti Ja song in the film Neel Kamal
1969 - Badi Mastani Hai song in the film Jeene Ki Raah
1970 - Khilona Jaan Kar song in the film Khilona
1973 - Hum Ko To Jaan Se Pyaari song in the film Naina
1974 - Achha Hi Huva Dil Toot Gaya song in the film Maa Behen Aur Biwi
1977 - Pardah Hai Pardah song in the film Amar Akbar Anthony
1978 - Aadmi Musaafir Hai song in the film Apnapan
1979 - Chalo Re Doli Uthao Kahaar song in the film Jani Dushman
1980 - Mere Dost Kissa Yeh song in the film Dostana
1980 - Dard-e-dil Dard-e-jigar song in the film Karz
1980 - Maine Poocha Chand Se song in the film Abdullah

MY HEART WILL GO ON

2007-11-17T03:43:00.000-08:00

Every night in my dreams I see you,

I feel you That is how I know you go on.

Far across the distance and spaces between us

You have come to show you go on.

Near, far, wherever you are,

I believe that the heart does go on.

Once more you open the door And you're here in my heart,

And my heart will go on and on.

Love can touch us one time and last for a lifetime,

And never let go till we're gone.

Love was when I loved you,

one true time I hold to In my life we'll always go on.

Near, far, wherever you are,

I believe that the heart does go on.

Once more you open the door

And you're here in my heart,

And my heart will go on and on.

You're here, there's nothing I fear

And I know that my heart will go on.

We'll stay forever this way,

You are safe in my heart,

And my heart will go on and on.

Saawariya is Impressive

2007-11-15T02:33:00.000-08:00

Saawariya is a strange movie.

If we think about the acting then there is Greate performance by Ranbeer Kapoor and Sonam Kapoor. Ranveer has those thing which is essential for a Hero. Greate body, good look, Dancing skill. He is quite satisfing in Comedy and Emotional seans. He is true successor of Kapoor family.

***1/2

Sonam kapoor has also good acting skills like his Father Anil kapoor. She is very good looking and done very well. She can change his face expression according to situations. It never seems that this is her first film.

***1/2

Rani, Salman and Johra sehgal also performed very well.

Music is very good. Monty Singh is very impressive and showing good talent. He has long way to go.

***1/2

Sets are the always special part of Bhansali's movies so as in Saawariya. Set is very well designed like DEVDAS and HUM DIL DE CHUKE SANAM.

***1/2

Inspiring Wallpapers Images

2007-11-06T02:24:00.000-08:00

FUNNY PHOTOS...............

2007-11-03T08:16:00.000-07:00

POEM

2007-10-30T02:53:00.000-07:00

Something as simple as me hearing your name,
Put words in my head that I cant explain.
Back then, I wasn't really sure,
But now I see you are all I need and more.

I know we're only friends and it hurts so bad,
Because I know I'm a girl you don't wish to have.
My eyes glisten, I have butterflies flying,
Can you look at me, see how much I'm trying.

I sit and stare in your eyes, as you tell me again
Of how much you have fallen for my friend.
You leave me sad, yet I wish you'd stay,
In case I don't see you for the rest of the day.

You call me daily, asking how I am,
Inside I'm dying to say I want you as my man.
I'm not sure, exactly how long I can take,
Before my heart shatters of waiting so late.

I want to say I love you, for you to understand,
That I can no longer see us being just friends.
I'm scared to tell you baby, I don't want you to go,
So deep inside I hide my emotions so they wont show.

Every love song I hear, your name pops in my head,
So easy to feel it, so hard to be said.
Your everything I need in a man to be,
If only one day, you would love me.

Some Famous Shayri

2007-10-25T07:54:00.000-07:00

मैं मैकदे की राह से होकर गुजर गया, वरना सफर हयात का काफी तबील था - अब्दुल हमीद ''अदम''

कुछ सागरों में जहर है कुछ में शराब है, ये मसअला है तश्नगी किससे बुझाई जाय -"अखलाक''

दुख्तरे-रज ने उठा रक्खी है आफत सर पर, खैरियत गुजरी कि अंगूर के बेटा न हुआ-अकबरइलाहाबादी

रिन्दे-खराब-हाल को जाहिद न छेड़ तू तुझको पराई क्या पड़ी अपनी निबेड़ तू - जौक

उस शख्स पर शराब का पीना हराम है जो रहके मैकदे में भी इन्सां न हो सका - पारसा कौसरी

इतनी पी है कि बाद तौबा भी बे पिए, बेखुदी सी रहती है - रियाज खैराबादी

कभी खुशी से खुशी की तरफ नहीं देखा तुम्हारे बाद किसी की तरफ नहीं देखा - मुनव्वर राना

यूं इस कदर हवा नहीं चलती उसे तो सिर्फ हमारा दिया बुझाना था

मेरे महबूब के दामन की वो एक जुम्बिश है बागवां जिसको गुलिस्तां की हवा कहते हैं -फलक देहलवी

थोड़ी बहुत मुहब्बत से काम नहीं चलता ऐ दोस्त ये वो मामला है जिसमें या सब कुछ या कुछ भी नहीं - फिराक

समझते क्या थे मगर सुनते थे फसानाए-दर्द समझ में आने लगा जब तो फिर सुना न गया -यग़ाना

पूछा जो उनसे गैर को चाहूं तो क्या करो बोले कि जाओ चाहो कोई दूसरा भी है - हकीम काशिफ

Why women need to invest

2007-10-11T07:22:00.000-07:00

For women, as with all individuals, investments form an integral part of financial planning; they generate returns for the future and take care of financial needs. This is especially necessary in light of the big question - 'What if'? 'What if' your husband has not planned your finances well? 'What if' there was an eventuality in your family? 'What if' your child's career plans cost you a packet? After all, it's the child who decides on his future, not the parents. And importantly, investments play a key role in making today's woman financially independent.

Education has also played its part in driving women towards the corporate world. More women are taking to education. Armed with a degree, they want to put it to good use by taking up a job. The past few years have seen a steady rise in the number of working women. On the other hand, the goods and services at the consumer's disposal have only increased. With women taking to work, disposable incomes of households have increased. And naturally, alongwith surplus income comes the responsibility of investing.

Apart from working women, homemakers too should take to investing. They can save from the monthly allowance they get to run the house. Not only will this enable them to plan better for the family's future but the savings will be handy on a rainy day. After all, women are considered to be better savers than men!

Like all of us, women also have to deal with an increase in cost of living (inflation). Vegetable prices have been rising consistently. A gas cylinder, which was available for around Rs 70 ten years back, costs almost Rs 300 now. And of course, there's the issue of rising medical bills as the years roll by. So women must have an investment plan in place to secure themselves against inflation. These are just some factors that should compel women to think on the need to invest. And of course, drive them towards actually investing money on a regular basis into various investment avenues.

But just what are these investment avenues that we are talking about here? And how do women go about the task of investing their money 'smartly' to yield a desired return on their investments? In the subsequent articles, we have answered all these questions and more so as to empower women with the necessary advice and guidance to help them secure their financial future.
By Personalfn.com, a financial planning initiative

आखिर द्रविड़ ने कप्तानी क्यों छोड़ी ? Reason Behind Dravid left Captaincy

2007-09-18T08:29:00.000-07:00

Give your comment about this.....

Happy Friendship day

2007-08-07T03:05:00.000-07:00

Link Building - How To Get The Most Links To Your Website In The Least Amount Of Time...

2007-08-06T05:35:00.000-07:00

SEO Power Strategies
Pssst…I'm going to let you in on the worst kept secret of search engine optimization:
It's all about getting links to your website.

I'm serious. While on-page factors such as keyword density and title tags are rudimentary techniques that almost every new website has picked up on (quite a difference from three years ago), link building is something that still eludes many webmasters, and for good reason: It involves work.

In fact, search engine optimization is about 90 percent effort and 10 percent experience. You need experience to recognize which keywords are more profitable, which techniques you need to learn in order to get more visitors to your website, etc. etc. After learning all that, it's just a matter of getting down to doing the work itself. And that is why search engine optimization software such as SEO Elite are so effective:

They cut down on the sheer load of work involved and provide intuitive ways for you to use your experience and get the most out of your investments (in this case, your website AND your time!)
In this lesson I'm going to talk a bit about the techniques you can use to get more links to your website.

There's nothing special about them; they all involve some work, but they all pay off in terms of targeted traffic. In fact, that should be the prime goal of your link building campaign:
Use inbound links to build targeted traffic.
All the strategies mentioned below can be used to get more links to your website. It goes without saying that the more of these strategies you use, the faster you'll be able to get more links.

A common pitfall for most people new to SEO is that they often get sucked in by catchphrases such as ‘the best way to get links to your website' or ‘the top 3 strategies you can use to get tons of links to your website'. The truth is that none of these techniques is the ‘best'. In reality, your website and your business model (in other words, the nature of your website-customer interaction) will determine the most fitting strategies for your linkbuilding campaign.

In fact, when you launch your linking campaign, you'll probably have varying degrees of success with the strategies below. For example, article submissions are a great way to earn more subscribers to your newsletter, while affiliate programs work wonderfully well if you have a decent list of proven products (or a great product). The methods below are not separated in any specific way; I've listed the ‘free' methods first and the paid methods later. Use this list as a reference through your link building campaign, and for best results, mix and match these techniques in the way they suit your website the best.

Just ask...
The traditional way of getting links is to directly ask potential link partners to link to your website. This can be a one-way link or a reciprocal link (more on reciprocal links later). The key factors here are to identify potential link partners and then to contact them and offer either a reciprocal link, an offer to their visitors, or both (we'll cover paid links later).
Finding potential partners is a difficult business. It used to be that you would search on a major search engine like Google or Yahoo for your target keywords, and then check each website in the top 50 or top 100 listings manually, evaluating their similarity to your niche and noting their contact information. This is a tedious process, and is fraught with the primary obstacle of most link managers: ‘What if they say no?'

You could make them an offer they can't refuse (which you will, and I'll tell you how) but to improve your chances, use technology to your advantage. As before, use your target keywords to search for the top websites in your niche, but instead of contacting them, use a search engine optimization software to evaluate the back-links of a top website.
The idea here is to find out which websites link to the top competition in your niche – the websites in the top 10 or top 20 results for your target keywords.

The second step is to make the approach, sell the idea, or like I said before, make them an offer they can't refuse. Part of this approach is to ability to write convincingly (you'll find samples online of successful link request emails) and it is something you learn with time – test your link requests by sending different letters and measuring the response and repeating what works.
The other half involves the offer itself – what your website (or you) can offer to the link partner that will compel him/her to link to you. If you're looking for free links, this offer can include a reciprocal link, site-wide links or maybe just the quality of your website content. The idea here is to sell your link even before they visit your website to check if it's worth linking to, and this can only happen if you can the right pitch.

Write an article...
The idea is quite simple. To establish yourself as a knowledgeable expert in your field, you need to be able to project your knowledge beyond your own website. In this case it involves writing articles on a particular topic in your niche, and distributing them to article directories online.
While this is a crude approach, the method can be refined by offering an article to potential link partners – thus providing them with valuable content for their visitors. Article syndication is a powerful tool and if used properly can generate hundreds, even thousands of visitors for you.
A quick search within your niche can help you find article directories where you can position your article, but a better option is to look at content aggregation websites in your niche – sites which regularly post articles from off-site authors. This not only gives you a chance to build your links but also gives your reputation in this field a boost, something that you can leverage in later techniques.

Run an affiliate program...
If you sell a product, or a range of products, or even a membership service, launching an affiliate program is the quickest way to get inbound links. Of course, you'll need to promote the affiliate program beyond your own website, and you can combine the above two techniques to promote not only your website but also your affiliate program.

In addition, if you have an e-product (an e-book or software) and you sell it through a portal like ClickBank,you can be assured that your affiliates are managed directly through their website. In case you want to run your own affiliate script, you can find several for a low price and even some good ones for free.
http://www.easyclickmate.com is a good Clickbank affiliate script...

An affiliate program offers your visitors and potential link partners the chance to make money by doing a little promotion of your product. For other webmasters that could simply involve posting your link or even posting your article promoting your product on their website; a sure bet for getting a link.

Directory submissions / site submissions...
Second-tier directories and niche directories are seriously under-estimated in terms of their impact on your website traffic. If you're just starting out and looking for free traffic, steer clear of the paid listings of Yahoo and ilk and concentrate on smaller hubs. They may not receive hundreds of thousands of visitors every day, but if you can garner 10 visitors a day from one directory, and get 10 or 20 such directories to which you can submit your link, you have a free stream of 100-200 daily visitors for only an hour's worth of work.

The same goes for submitting your website's link on sites that have a ‘links' page and require a reciprocal link in exchange. While this is not the best strategy to get links by, it will help you in the beginning to get some traffic and hopefully, natural links as a result of that traffic.

Paid links...

If you're looking for a high value link (for example a link from a PR 7 page) and your website is fairly new, you're not going to get in through normal means. In this case, the offer involves money, and this can usually be judged through the site's own advertising policies. Search the website for its media kit, or something similar. Alternatively, you can email them asking them about advertising opportunities on their websites. In this case being direct is the best approach, and will save both your time and theirs.

Of course, the catch here is the amount of money you're willing to pay. Some websites charge a monthly fee, others charge a ‘per impressions' fee (for example, your ad would be shown for 10,000 page views only). In these cases you won't have much room to negotiate if you are just starting out, so it's advisable to shun the big guns and go for the smaller fish – people who won't ask you for too much money and will accept a combination of reciprocal linking, money and some other ‘free method' such as an article submission. Once your website carries its own weight in traffic and Page Rank, you can target the PR 7 and PR 8 websites.

The advantage of such websites is the sheer amount of traffic they get. A news site in Pakistan gets about 60,000 page views a day. Even on a CTR (click-thru-rate) of 1%, that amounts to 600 visitors a day, or 18,000 visitors a month.
The question is, what will you do with this traffic? The possibilities are endless.

Paid listings...
Similar to paid links, paid directory listings are essentially directory inclusions for your website. For some directories, like Yahoo, this is a yearly arrangement, and even then there is no guarantee of inclusion; your website must pass certain editorial criteria. On other, less known directories, the payment is simply a onetime fee plus a request for a reciprocal link.
In many ways paid listings and links are the ‘extra' tweaks that you give to your online business. Even if you have the cash at the start, it's a prudent strategy to pursue free linkbuilding strategies alongside paid methods to ensure that you don't invest too much in your business before it starts to show a profit.

The key to a successful link-building campaign is the consistency of effort you put in. Cut out the hard work in finding link partners (and for that matter, niche directories) by using a linking software such as SEO Elite, with which you can simply plug in the website URL, select your search engine and get a list of all the websites that link to it, the anchor text of those websites as well as their Page Rank. Lists like these, of your top 20 competitors, should be your target link partners during your link campaign.

Link-building is a simple business. All it requires is consistency, and some hard work (which you can eliminate using a simple search engine optimization software such as SEO Elite). And with things being so easy, don't be surprised if you follow these steps and find yourself in the top 10 results for your keyword in just a few months.

All the best,
Professional SEO

What's The Secret To Optimizing Your Website For Yahoo And MSN?

2007-07-03T03:53:00.001-07:00

Second, while Google is still the de facto leader of the search engine world, it is now a leader people love to hate. Google's meteoric rise to fame and its hypnotic hold on the search industry have led some observers to compare Google to Microsoft.

The end result? Google occupies only an estimated 35 to 40 percent of the search engine market share. With Yahoo and MSN taking over another 40 to 50 percent, webmasters have had to readjust and consider optimizing their websites Yahoo and MSN as well.

But really, do we need to do anything different?

SEO theory - General SEO vs. Search Engine Specific SEO

When it comes to search engine optimization, webmasters generally flock to one of two camps:

Forget about optimizing specifically for each search engine and concentrate on general ‘best' SEO practices.
Find out what each search engine is looking for, and optimize your web pages accordingly.

Both are with their problems, but surprisingly, once you get to the bottom of the argument

Both sides are essentially saying the same thing

How? Let's find out.

General-SEO proponents say that since search engine algorithms are constantly evolving, today's optimizations may not work in tomorrow's search engines. So, to optimize for search engines individually is to keep playing catch-up all the time. Another argument often posited is that eventually, all search engines aspire to the same goal – to provide quality results that are most relevant to a user's search term. If that is the ultimate goal, the Holy Grail of search engines, as it were – then if you were to optimize with only the generally proven SEO practices, you would rank well in all search engines and continue to do so even through various algorithm updates.

Search Engine specific proponents claim that as every search engine gives a different level of importance to different factors, it pays not only to know which search engine is looking for what in your web pages, but to also know how to optimize your web pages so they rank as well as possible on different search engines such as Google, MSN, Yahoo and others.

To me, that's like saying the same thing in two different ways. Since all search engines, leaders or not, are generally measuring the same factors (and just giving them a different weight), the key to constant high rankings across the search engine world is this:

Optimize your web pages for ALL factors – in other words, cover all your bases.

This means not only to espouse best practices for SEO, but to also ensure that you optimize your web pages for all the search engines – because eventually, as long as you don't do anything that a particular search engine penalizes (keyword spamming is bad, and if Yahoo doesn't catch it now, it will soon enough), any optimization that you do will help your web pages rank better.

Having said all that, it stands to reason that we should find out more about the ‘other' 40- 50 percent of the search engine market, Yahoo and MSN. Surprisingly, both Yahoo Search and MSN Search are quite similar to each other in their differences with Google.

Let's look at both on-page and off-page factors.

On page optimization factors

Whereas Google has giving a primary importance to inbound links and the quality and theme of your web page's inbound links, Yahoo and MSN both tend to favor on-page optimization a lot more. That's not to say that they don't consider off-page factors; it's just that both MSN and Yahoo give far greater importance to on-page factors than does Google.

Here's a quick check-list of the important factors you MUST cater to in order to rank highly in MSN and Yahoo:

Keyword density

A good benchmark is to keep your keyword density at 3%. More can possibly help, but it's not necessary, and generally a range of 2% to 4% is fair enough. Contrary to some experts, keyword density in itself is only as important as the other on-page factors, namely the title tag and the Meta tags (keywords and description both).

When trying to optimize your content, ensure that you follow this pattern:

Include your keyword phrase in the first sentence of the paragraph for each header (the paragraph after each major heading).
In your final paragraph (for each header), use your primary keyword phrase again. Preferably twice.
In between, use combinations of your primary key phrase by splitting it up and using individual words, and throw in semantic uses to vary the nature of the content.
Avoid using the keyword phrase too much – some SEO experts say that your keyword phrase should be used once in every paragraph and twice in your first and last paragraphs.

As always, these are guidelines that have come about after experience with several websites. Your own experiences may differ. The key is to understand the general principle:

Mix up your content with your keyword phrase, and to use as many variations as you can without compromising on readability (a criteria that can assure a keyword density below 5%).

Title Tags

Ensure that your Title tag contains your keyword phrase at the very start. It's common practice to stuff your company's name or website's name at the beginning of each page's title tag. This is a definite no-no. Put your primary keyword phrase for that page first, followed by your name.

Meta Tags

Whereas Google seems to ignore Meta tags (especially the Meta keywords tag), there is no reason you should exclude them simply because other search engines continue to give them some importance.

Keywords tag – keep this to less than 15 keyword phrases, and to avoid keyword spamming, only include those keyword phrases that are part of your web page content. Otherwise, you run the risk of being penalized by Yahoo and MSN.

Description tag – important even in Google, ensure that you include your primary keyword phrase (just once), and make it unique (i.e. a proper description instead of keyword stuffing).

Content tags (H1, H2, bullets, italics, bold)

As in Google, use your primary keyword phrase in H1 tags, and if possible, use variations of your secondary keyword phrases in H2 and H3 tags.

Also, use your keyword phrase and it's variations in bold and italics as well – minor steps but your intention here is to ‘cover all the bases' and these tags always help.

Remember to use bullets – not only do they help readability, but they give increased importance to the content in them – ergo, use keywords and variations.

Clean code

Yahoo and especially MSN have placed a strong emphasis on clean code. Some experts say that MSN Search spider significantly downgrades sites that have badly written code, but the reasons could also be related – sites that are badly designed are also liable to subscribe to ‘bad' SEO strategies such as keyword spamming and Alt tag spamming and thus could be punished because of them.

In any case, make sure that your website code is clean and W3 compliant. It's easier to maintain and in might prevent your website from being punished.

Internal linking

Internal linking is very important to MSN and to a lesser extent Yahoo as well. Whereas Google has eventually reduced its reliance on internal linking as a sign of a page's importance, MSN considers all incoming links from the same source to have value, and assigns them value accordingly.

Be sure to link extensively throughout a site, and to use strong keyword rich and thematic
anchor text relevant to the page with the incoming link. While anchor text is important in
both search engines and Google as well, the difference lies in how they differentiate
between the different sources for incoming links – within a site, MSN and Yahoo seem to
favor internal linking a lot more. In any case, having a site-map is a must for any search
engine, and placing thematic links on each page always help your SERPS.

Off page optimization factors

Yahoo and MSN have both placed a lot of emphasis on the anchor text and quantity of incoming text, but their emphasis on thematic links does not match that of Google.

As always, links to a particular page should have that page's primary keyword phrase in it's anchor text, and across the board ensure that you use several variations of your anchor text (to avoid making it look like link spamming).

Other than that, off-page optimization for Yahoo and MSN run pretty much like your normal off-page optimization for Google. There is less emphasis on thematic links so there's the possibility to gain search engine rankings by just getting a lot of links from the same IP Address (i.e. sitewide links) - not a best SEO practice, but for new websites it's a quick-start option. Yahoo and MSN have also shown little affinity for Google's penchance with domain and site link-aging.

Recap - Playing the balance game

What then? Does this mean that Yahoo and MSN search engine algorithms are less developed, or in the same place as Google was a few years ago?

Not exactly. Some of the techniques used by both MSN and Yahoo to sniff out keyword spamming are quite advanced (and based on their spam-filtering experiences in their respective email programs), yet you get the feeling that optimizing for Yahoo and MSN might involve adopting those same practices that webmasters used for Google in its early years.

In any case, Yahoo and MSN do own a significant portion of the search engine market and factoring them into your search engine optimization strategy is critical to winning with the search engines.

Now get out there and start focusing on that other 50% of the search engines!

"What's The Secret To Optimizing Your Website For Yahoo And MSN?"

2007-07-03T03:53:00.000-07:00

In the last year Google has found itself thrust in an unfamiliar position. First, it has had to contend with the loss of half of its market share after Yahoo! dropped Google as its SERPS provider and began focusing on its own modified version of Inktomi. Additionally,
the rise of MSN Search has further evened out the search engine playing field.
Second, while Google is still the de facto leader of the search engine world, it is now a leader people love to hate. Google's meteoric rise to fame and its hypnotic hold on the search industry have led some observers to compare Google to Microsoft.
The end result? Google occupies only an estimated 35 to 40 percent of the search engine market share. With Yahoo and MSN taking over another 40 to 50 percent, webmasters have had to readjust and consider optimizing their websites Yahoo and MSN as well.
But really, do we need to do anything different?

SEO theory - General SEO vs. Search Engine Specific SEO

When it comes to search engine optimization, webmasters generally flock to one of two camps:

Forget about optimizing specifically for each search engine and concentrate on general ‘best' SEO practices.
Find out what each search engine is looking for, and optimize your web pages accordingly.

Both are with their problems, but surprisingly, once you get to the bottom of the argument

Both sides are essentially saying the same thing

How? Let's find out.
General-SEO proponents say that since search engine algorithms are constantly evolving, today's optimizations may not work in tomorrow's search engines. So, to optimize for search engines individually is to keep playing catch-up all the time. Another argument often posited is that eventually, all search engines aspire to the same goal – to provide quality results that are most relevant to a user's search term. If that is the ultimate goal, the Holy Grail of search engines, as it were – then if you were to optimize with only the generally proven SEO practices, you would rank well in all search engines and continue to do so even through various algorithm updates.
Search Engine specific proponents claim that as every search engine gives a different level of importance to different factors, it pays not only to know which search engine is looking for what in your web pages, but to also know how to optimize your web pages so they rank as well as possible on different search engines such as Google, MSN, Yahoo and others.
To me, that's like saying the same thing in two different ways. Since all search engines, leaders or not, are generally measuring the same factors (and just giving them a different weight), the key to constant high rankings across the search engine world is this:
Optimize your web pages for ALL factors – in other words, cover all your bases.
This means not only to espouse best practices for SEO, but to also ensure that you optimize your web pages for all the search engines – because eventually, as long as you don't do anything that a particular search engine penalizes (keyword spamming is bad, and if Yahoo doesn't catch it now, it will soon enough), any optimization that you do will help your web pages rank better.
Having said all that, it stands to reason that we should find out more about the ‘other' 40- 50 percent of the search engine market, Yahoo and MSN. Surprisingly, both Yahoo Search and MSN Search are quite similar to each other in their differences with Google.
Let's look at both on-page and off-page factors.

On page optimization factors

Keyword density

This is given far greater importance in both Yahoo and MSN – in fact, their keyword density tolerance is slightly higher than that of Google. The trick here is not to over-do the keyword density (lest you get punished by Google or even MSN for keyword spamming).
A good benchmark is to keep your keyword density at 3%. More can possibly help, but it's not necessary, and generally a range of 2% to 4% is fair enough. Contrary to some experts, keyword density in itself is only as important as the other on-page factors, namely the title tag and the Meta tags (keywords and description both).
When trying to optimize your content, ensure that you follow this pattern:

Include your keyword phrase in the first sentence of the paragraph for each header (the paragraph after each major heading).
In your final paragraph (for each header), use your primary keyword phrase again. Preferably twice.
In between, use combinations of your primary key phrase by splitting it up and using individual words, and throw in semantic uses to vary the nature of the content.
Avoid using the keyword phrase too much – some SEO experts say that your keyword phrase should be used once in every paragraph and twice in your first and last paragraphs.

As always, these are guidelines that have come about after experience with several websites. Your own experiences may differ. The key is to understand the general principle:
Mix up your content with your keyword phrase, and to use as many variations as you can without compromising on readability (a criteria that can assure a keyword density below 5%).
Title Tags
Ensure that your Title tag contains your keyword phrase at the very start. It's common practice to stuff your company's name or website's name at the beginning of each page's title tag. This is a definite no-no. Put your primary keyword phrase for that page first, followed by your name.
Meta Tags
Whereas Google seems to ignore Meta tags (especially the Meta keywords tag), there is no reason you should exclude them simply because other search engines continue to give them some importance.
Keywords tag – keep this to less than 15 keyword phrases, and to avoid keyword spamming, only include those keyword phrases that are part of your web page content. Otherwise, you run the risk of being penalized by Yahoo and MSN.
Description tag – important even in Google, ensure that you include your primary keyword phrase (just once), and make it unique (i.e. a proper description instead of keyword stuffing).
Content tags (H1, H2, bullets, italics, bold)
As in Google, use your primary keyword phrase in H1 tags, and if possible, use variations of your secondary keyword phrases in H2 and H3 tags.
Also, use your keyword phrase and it's variations in bold and italics as well – minor steps but your intention here is to ‘cover all the bases' and these tags always help.
Remember to use bullets – not only do they help readability, but they give increased importance to the content in them – ergo, use keywords and variations.
Clean code
Yahoo and especially MSN have placed a strong emphasis on clean code. Some experts say that MSN Search spider significantly downgrades sites that have badly written code, but the reasons could also be related – sites that are badly designed are also liable to subscribe to ‘bad' SEO strategies such as keyword spamming and Alt tag spamming and thus could be punished because of them.
In any case, make sure that your website code is clean and W3 compliant. It's easier to maintain and in might prevent your website from being punished.
Internal linking
Internal linking is very important to MSN and to a lesser extent Yahoo as well. Whereas Google has eventually reduced its reliance on internal linking as a sign of a page's importance, MSN considers all incoming links from the same source to have value, and assigns them value accordingly.
Be sure to link extensively throughout a site, and to use strong keyword rich and thematic
anchor text relevant to the page with the incoming link. While anchor text is important in
both search engines and Google as well, the difference lies in how they differentiate
between the different sources for incoming links – within a site, MSN and Yahoo seem to
favor internal linking a lot more. In any case, having a site-map is a must for any search
engine, and placing thematic links on each page always help your SERPS.

Off page optimization factors

Yahoo and MSN have both placed a lot of emphasis on the anchor text and quantity of incoming text, but their emphasis on thematic links does not match that of Google.
As always, links to a particular page should have that page's primary keyword phrase in it's anchor text, and across the board ensure that you use several variations of your anchor text (to avoid making it look like link spamming).
Other than that, off-page optimization for Yahoo and MSN run pretty much like your normal off-page optimization for Google. There is less emphasis on thematic links so there's the possibility to gain search engine rankings by just getting a lot of links from the same IP Address (i.e. sitewide links) - not a best SEO practice, but for new websites it's a quick-start option. Yahoo and MSN have also shown little affinity for Google's penchance with domain and site link-aging.

Recap - Playing the balance game

The differences between Google on one side and Yahoo and MSN on the other are reminiscent of how Google has evolved over the past few years. Google's emphasis on onpage optimization has gone down over the last three, four years and it's entirely plausible that keyword stuffing may become the norm again for websites trying to rank highly in these two search engines.
What then? Does this mean that Yahoo and MSN search engine algorithms are less developed, or in the same place as Google was a few years ago?
Not exactly. Some of the techniques used by both MSN and Yahoo to sniff out keyword spamming are quite advanced (and based on their spam-filtering experiences in their respective email programs), yet you get the feeling that optimizing for Yahoo and MSN might involve adopting those same practices that webmasters used for Google in its early years.
In any case, Yahoo and MSN do own a significant portion of the search engine market and factoring them into your search engine optimization strategy is critical to winning with the search engines.
Now get out there and start focusing on that other 50% of the search engines!

->>SEO Power Strategies

2007-06-25T07:48:00.000-07:00

"Link Building "
Your Website In The Least Amount Of Time..."
Pssst…I'm going to let you in on the worst kept secret of search engine optimization:
It's all about getting links to your website.
I'm serious. While on-page factors such as keyword density and title tags are rudimentary techniques that almost every new website has picked up on (quite a difference from three years ago), link building is something that still eludes many webmasters, and for good reason: It involves work.
In fact, search engine optimization is about 90 percent effort and 10 percent experience. You need experience to recognize which keywords are more profitable, which techniques you need to learn in order to get more visitors to your website, etc. etc. After learning all that, it's just a matter of getting down to doing the work itself.

They cut down on the sheer load of work involved and provide intuitive ways for you to use your experience and get the most out of your investments (in this case, your website AND your time!)
I'm going to talk a bit about the techniques you can use to get more links to your website.
There's nothing special about them; they all involve some work, but they all pay off in terms of targeted traffic. In fact, that should be the prime goal of your link building campaign:
Use inbound links to build targeted traffic.
All the strategies mentioned below can be used to get more links to your website. It goes without saying that the more of these strategies you use, the faster you'll be able to get more links.
A common pitfall for most people new to SEO is that they often get sucked in by catchphrases such as ‘the best way to get links to your website' or ‘the top 3 strategies you can use to get tons of links to your website'. The truth is that none of these techniques is the ‘best'. In reality, your website and your business model (in other words, the nature of your website-customer interaction) will determine the most fitting strategies for your linkbuilding campaign.

In fact, when you launch your linking campaign, you'll probably have varying degrees of success with the strategies below. For example, article submissions are a great way to earn more subscribers to your newsletter, while affiliate programs work wonderfully well if you have a decent list of proven products (or a great product). The methods below are not separated in any specific way; I've listed the ‘free' methods first and the paid methods later. Use this list as a reference through your link building campaign, and for best results, mix and match these techniques in the way they suit your website the best.
Just ask...
The traditional way of getting links is to directly ask potential link partners to link to your website. This can be a one-way link or a reciprocal link (more on reciprocal links later). The key factors here are to identify potential link partners and then to contact them and offer either a reciprocal link, an offer to their visitors, or both (we'll cover paid links later).

Finding potential partners is a difficult business. It used to be that you would search on a major search engine like Google or Yahoo for your target keywords, and then check each website in the top 50 or top 100 listings manually, evaluating their similarity to your niche and noting their contact information. This is atedious process, and is fraught with the primary obstacle of most link managers: ‘What if they say no?'

You could make them an offer they can't refuse (which you will, and I'll tell you how) but to improve your chances, use technology to your advantage. As before, use your target keywords to search for the top websites in your niche, but instead of contacting them, use a search engine optimization software to evaluate the back-links of a top website.
The idea here is to find out which websites link to the top competition in your niche – the websites in the top 10 or top 20 results for your target keywords.

The second step is to make the approach, sell the idea, or like I said before, make them an offer they can't refuse. Part of this approach is to ability to write convincingly (you'll find samples online of successful link request emails) and it is something you learn with time – test your link requests by sending different letters and measuring the response and repeating what works.
The other half involves the offer itself – what your website (or you) can offer to the link partner that will compel him/her to link to you. If you're looking for free links, this offer can include a reciprocal link, site-wide links or maybe just the quality of your website content. The idea here is to sell your link even before they visit your website to check if it's worth linking to, and this can only happen if you can the right pitch.

Write an article...

The idea is quite simple. To establish yourself as a knowledgeable expert in your field, you need to be able to project your knowledge beyond your own website. In this case it involves writing articles on a particular topic in your niche, and distributing them to article directories online.
While this is a crude approach, the method can be refined by offering an article to potential link partners – thus providing them with valuable content for their visitors. Article syndication is a powerful tool and if used properly can generate hundreds, even thousands of visitors for you.

A quick search within your niche can help you find article directories where you can position your article, but a better option is to look at content aggregation websites in your niche – sites which regularly post articles from off-site authors. This not only gives you a chance to build your links but also gives your reputation in this field a boost, something that you can leverage in later techniques.

Run an affiliate program...
If you sell a product, or a range of products, or even a membership service, launching an affiliate program is the quickest way to get inbound links. Of course, you'll need to promote the affiliate program beyond your own website, and you can combine the above two techniques to promote not only your website but also your affiliate program.

In addition, if you have an e-product (an e-book or software) and you sell it through a portal like ClickBank, you can be assured that your affiliates are managed directly through their website. In case you want to run your own affiliate script, you can find several for a low price and even some good ones for free.
http://www.easyclickmate.com is a good Clickbank affiliate script...

An affiliate program offers your visitors and potential link partners the chance to make money by doing a little promotion of your product. For other webmasters that could simply involve posting your link or even posting your article promoting your product on their website; a sure bet for getting a link.

Directory submissions / site submissions...
Second-tier directories and niche directories are seriously under-estimated in terms of their impact on your website traffic. If you're just starting out and looking for free traffic, steer clear of the paid listings of Yahoo and ilk and concentrate on smaller hubs. They may not receive hundreds of thousands of visitors every day, but if you can garner 10 visitors a day from one directory, and get 10 or 20 such directories to which you can submit your link, you have a free stream of 100-200 daily visitors for only an hour's worth of work.

The same goes for submitting your website's link on sites that have a ‘links' page and require a reciprocal link in exchange. While this is not the best strategy to get links by, it will help you in the beginning to get some traffic and hopefully, natural links as a result of that traffic.

Paid links...

If you're looking for a high value link (for example a link from a PR 7 page) and your website is fairly new, you're not going to get in through normal means. In this case, the offer involves money, and this can usually be judged through the site's own advertising policies. Search the website for its media kit, or something similar. Alternatively, you can email them asking them about advertising opportunities on their websites.

In this case being direct is the best approach, and will save both your time and theirs.
Of course, the catch here is the amount of money you're willing to pay. Some websites charge a monthly fee, others charge a ‘per impressions' fee (for example, your ad would be shown for 10,000 page views only). In these cases you won't have much room to negotiate if you are just starting out, so it's advisable to shun the big guns and go for the smaller fish – people who won't ask you for too much money and will accept a combination of reciprocal linking, money and some other ‘free method' such as an article submission.

Once your website carries its own weight in traffic and Page Rank, you can target the PR 7 and
PR 8 websites. The advantage of such websites is the sheer amount of traffic they get. A news site in Pakistan gets about 60,000 page views a day. Even on a CTR (click-thru-rate) of 1%, that amounts to 600 visitors a day, or 18,000 visitors a month.

The question is, what will you do with this traffic? The possibilities are endless.

Paid listings...
Similar to paid links, paid directory listings are essentially directory inclusions for your website. For some directories, like Yahoo, this is a yearly arrangement, and even then there is no guarantee of inclusion; your website must pass certain editorial criteria. On other, less known directories, the payment is simply a onetime fee plus a request for a reciprocal link.
In many ways paid listings and links are the ‘extra' tweaks that you give to your online business. Even ifyou have the cash at the start, it's a prudent strategy to pursue free linkbuilding strategies alongside paid methods to ensure that you don't invest too much in your business before it starts to show a profit.

The key to a successful link-building campaign is the consistency of effort you put in. Cut out the hard work in finding link partners (and for that matter, niche directories) by using a linking software such as SEO Elite, with which you can simply plug in the website URL, select your search engine and get a list of all the websites that link to it, the anchor text of those websites as well as their Page Rank. Lists like these, of your top 20 competitors, should be your target link partners during your link campaign.

Link-building is a simple business. All it requires is consistency, and some hard work (which you can eliminate using a simple search engine optimization software such as SEO Elite). And with things being so easy, don't be surprised if you follow these steps and find yourself in the top 10 results for your keyword in
just a few months.
All the best,

Lata Mangeshkar !!!

2007-05-28T08:12:00.000-07:00

Lata Mangeshkar (Marathi/Hindi:लता मंगेशकर) (born September 28, 1929) is a singer from India. Focusing mainly on Hindi film music, she is considered one of the foremost Indian vocalists of all time. She has sung in over twenty major Indian languages and has been deemed the Nightingale of India, an honorary name also used for Sarojini Naidu and M. S. Subbulakshmi. Popular singer Asha Bhosle

happens to be one of her sisters.

Lata Mangeshkar is the only second Indian singer to have received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour,the other being M. S. Subbulakshmi. In fact, no other Indian singer of non-classical music has been awarded anything higher than the Padma Bhushan,the nation's third highest civilian honour as of April 2007.

Childhood

Mangeshkar was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh to a classical singer and theatre actor named Dinanath Mangeshkar and his second wife named Shudhmati Mangeshkar (also known as Mai Mangeshkar). The Mangeshkars were a middle-class Maharashtrian family. Lata was the firstborn child, to be followed by siblings Hridayanath Mangeshkar, .Asha Bhosle, Usha Mangeshkar and Meena Mangeshkar

Raised in Maharashtra, at the age of 5 Mangeshkar started working as an actress in several plays known as "sangeet nataks" in which her father was performing. Her father also started giving her singing lessons. Dinanath's recitals and lessons left a strong impression on his daughter, as did the music of K.L. Saigal, who was her father's favorite singer and her idol.

Career

1940s

Mangeshkar's first cinematic song was for the Marathi film Kiti Hasaal (1942), produced by Vasant Joglekar. However, her father disliked the idea of any of his daughters singing for movies, so the song was dropped from the film.

In 1942, Mangeshkar's father died of heart disease. Due to the death of her father and the resultant financial distress, Lata played cameo roles in many Hindi and Marathi films, despite not personally enjoying acting.

In 1945, Ghulam Haider took her to meet producer S. Mukherji, who was working on a movie starring Kamini Kaushal. Haider wanted the 16-year-old Mangeshkar to get a chance to sing, but the producer dismissed her voice. Annoyed, Haider said, "Let me foretell today that this girl will soon put to shame everyone else, including Noor Jehan. Producers and directors will fall at her feet, begging her to sing in their films."

Mangeshkar's big break came with the 1949 song "Aayega Aanewaala" from the movie Mahal for Madhubala and was composed by Khemchand Prakash. Mahal was a hit, a turning point for both Madhubala and Mangeshkar.

1950s

The 1950s saw Mangeshkar soar to the top of the heap of Bollywood singers. She recorded songs for all the major composers of the period, including Shankar Jaikishan, Naushad, S D Burman, C. Ramchandra, Hemant Kumar, and Salil Chowdhury.

Shankar Jaikishan used Lata as their female singer in all the movies they scored, mainly for Raj Kapoor. These movies include Aag, Aah (1953), Shree 420 (1955), and Chori Chori (1956). Some famous Lata tunes from these movies include "Mera Ang Ang Muskaya" (from Aah), "Ichak Dana Bichak Dana" (from Shree 420), and "Panchhi Banoon Udti Phiroon" (from Chori Chori).ui

Lata also became the main female singer for Naushad during the 1950s, beginning with Baiju Bawra (1952). Naushad's tunes were all classical raga-based compositions, and Mangeshkar turned out hits such as "Mohe Bhool Gaye Sanwariya" and "Bachpan Ki Mohabbat Ko" for Baiju Bawra.

S.D. Burman used Lata as his female singer for hit songs such as "Tum Na Jaane Kis Jahan Mein Kho Gaye" from Sazaa (1951), "Phaili Hui Hai Sapnon Ki Baahen" from House No. 44 (1955), and "Ab Aage Teri Marzi" from Devdas (1955). In 1957, however, Mangeshkar and Burman had a major falling-out, and Lata refused to record for him again until 1962. During this time, Burman groomed Asha Bhosle, Lata's younger sister, as his main female voice, and also utilized Geeta Dutt as well.

It was also during the 1950s that Lata formed her association with one of her absolute favourite composers, Salil Chowdhury. In 1953, Mangeshkar recorded "Aa Ri Aa Nindiya" from Do Bigha Zameen for "Salilda." 1958 saw the release of the Bimal Roy-directed blockbuster Madhumati, starring Dilip Kumar and Vyjayantimala. Chowdhury provided the music for the film, and "Aaja Re Pardesi" stands as one of Lata's most famous songs. It netted her her first Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer.

1960s

The 1950s saw Mangeshkar make her case to enter the upper echelons of Bollywood music. However, it was the 1960s that saw Lata become the undisputed queen of Bollywood playback singing. She recorded songs for nearly every major composer in the industry, many of which became all-time hits.

1960 saw Lata render numerous hits for various music directors. She teamed up with Naushad to produce "Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya" for the lavish Mughal-era romance Mughal-E-Azam, perhaps the most popular song from that film. She also recorded several duets with Mohammad Rafi under Naushad's baton for Kohinoor, including the timeless "Do Sitaron Ka Zameen Par." For Shankar Jaikishan, she rendered the Hawaiian-themed number "Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh" from Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai, picturized on Bollywood's tragedy queen, Meena Kumari. Finally, her partnership with Salil Chowdhury continued to bear fruit in the classical-tinged "O Sajana Barkha Bahaar" from Parakh.

In 1961, Mangeshkar took the first step on the road to reconciliation with S D Burman, as she recorded a bhajan, "Allah Tero Naam," for Burman's assistant, Jaidev. One of Lata's finest devotional pieces, it is said to have awakened eminent classical vocalist Pandit Jasraj from his sleep, with tears streaming down his cheeks.

1962 saw Lata record perhaps her most famous song, a patriotic song- "Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon" that was composed by C. Ramchandra and had its lyrics written by Pradeep. A moving tribute to Indian soldiers who fell in the Sino-Indian War, the song is said to have moved the then Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, to tears when sang at the Indian Parliament. That year, she bagged her second Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the haunting "Kahin Deep Jale, Kahin Dil" from the movie Bees Saal Baad, composed by Hemant Kumar.

In 1963, Mangeshkar returned to collaboration with S.D. Burman, mainly as a result of a truce brokered by Burman's son, budding Bollywood composer (and future brother-in-law) R.D. Burman. The sugary sweet "Mora Gora Ang Lai Le" picturized on Nutan was a huge hit from the movie Bandini, directed by Bimal Roy. In 1965, she produced some more hits under Burman's direction for Guide, including "Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai" and "Gaata Rahe Mera Dil" (the latter a duet with Kishore Kumar).

Along with Salil Chowdhury, Madan Mohan was another of Mangeshkar's favourite composers. Madan Mohan created the ghazal "Aap Ki Nazron Ne Samjha" from Anpadh in 1962; the pair would produce many other memorable songs over the years. 1964 in particular saw the release of Raj Khosla's Woh Kaun Thi?, which featured music by Madan Mohan. "Naina Barse Rim Jhim" was a haunting yet emotional number from this movie which also garnered huge popularity.

The 1960s also witnessed the beginning of Mangeshkar's relationship with Laxmikant-Pyarelal, the duo for which she would sing the most songs in her career. She recorded for them in their first Bollywood film, Parasmani, in 1963, and continued to work with them in films such as Dosti (1964), Farz (1967), and Milan (1967), continuing on into the 1970s.

1970s

Mangeshkar performed tracks for star Meena Kumari, again, this time in the film Pakeezah (1971), with music by Ghulam Mohammed.

S.D. Burman's final films were in the 1970s, before falling into a coma and dying in 1975. Lata performed in the films Prem Pujari, Sharmilee (1971), and Abhimaan (1973). In Abhimaan she performed vocals at the age of 44, for 25-year-old actress Jaya Bachchan.

Teaming up once more with Salil Chowdhury she performed in the film Annadata (1971) and the title song of Chhoti Si Baat (1974). She also released an album of Meera bhajans composed by her brother. The album was titled "Chala Vaahi Des". Some of the bhajans in the album include "saanware rang raachi" and "ud jaa re kaaga".

Continuing their relationship from the 60's into the 70's, Lata and Laxmi-Pyare were together again (with Rahul Dev Burman in the mix). Writers Anand Bakshi and Majrooh Sultanpuri wrote most of the tracks, penning songs for the films Amar Prem (1971), Caravan (1971), and Raj Kapoor's Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978). Mangeshkar and Kishore Kumar performed songs for R D Burman and lyricist Gulzar in the film Aandhi in 1975. R D Burman also effectively tapped the melody in Lata's throat in the songs of the wonderful film Kinara, famous for "Naam gum jaayega" and "abke na saawan barse".

Mangeshkar performed in 1976 for composer Khayyam and songwriter Sahi Ludhiyanvi for the film Kabhi Kabhie, and again with Khayyam in Shankar Hussain in 1977 and "Chambal ki Kasam" in 1979. She also sang for Naushad in "Chambal ki Raani".

1980s

In late 1970s and early 1980s, Lata worked with the children of composers she had earlier worked with. Apart from Sachin and Rahul Dev Burman, Lata worked has worked with Chitragupta and his sons Anand-Milind, Roshan and his son Rajesh Roshan, and Sardar Malik and his son Anu Mallik. Rajesh Roshan's first film Julie had some numbers sung by Lata, including Bhool gaya sab kuchh (duet with Kishore Kumar) and Yeh Raatein Nai Puraani.

Lata also sang in Raj Kapoor`s Ram Teri Ganga Maili, singing songs composed by the blind composer Ravindra Jain.

Apart from that, Mangeshkar has sung in many Rajshri Production movies, including the hit Maine Pyar Kiya.

1990s

In 1990, Mangeshkar launched her own production house. Its first (and only movie), Lekin, flopped. Mangeshkar also recorded many non-film songs, including ghazals with Jagjit Singh.

Mangeshkar also sang for all of Yash Chopra`s films, including Lamhe, Darr, Yeh Dillagi, Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Dil To Pagal Hai and Veer-Zaara.

A. R. Rahman has recorded a number of songs with Mangeshkar, including "Jiya Jale" (from Dil Se, danced by Preity Zinta), "Khamoshiyan Gungunane Lagin" (One Two ka Four), and "O Paalanhaare" (Lagaan).

She has also sung for different successful films like 1942: A Love Story, Karan Arjun, Dushman and Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai.

2000s

She continues to sing in Yash Chopra films such as Mujhse Dosti Karoge! and Veer Zaara.

She has also sung a few songs for movies like Zubeidaa, Lagaan, Page 3, Mohabbatein, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Bewafaa, Lucky: No Time for Love and Rang De Basanti.

Bengali songs

During the 1960s and 1970s, Mangeshkar worked with music directors like Salil Chowdhury and Hemant Kumar to create some hit Bengali songs like "Ogo Aar Kichhu To Nei", "Jare Jare Ure Jare Pakhi", "Nijhumo Shandhai", "Shat Bhai Champa", and "De Dol Dol Dol".

Music Director

Lata composed music for following Marathi movies under the psuedo name of 'Anand Ghan'

1963 - Maratha Tituka Melvava
1963 - Mohityanchi Manjula
1965 - Sadhi Manase
1969 - Tambadi Mati

Lata won Maharashtra State Government's best music director award for the movie 'Sadhi Manase' and the song ‘Airanichya deva tula’ from the same movie received best song award.

Actor

Lata acted in following movies

1942 - Pahili Mangalagaur (Marathi)
1943 - Chimukla Sansaar (Marathi)
1943 - Maajhe Baal (Marathi)
1944 - Gajabhau (Marathi)
1945 - Badi Maa (Hindi)
1946 - Jeevan Yaatra
1946 - Subhadra
1948 - Mandir
1952 - Chattrapati Shivaji (guest appearance in one song) (Marathi

Producer

1953 - Vaadal (Marathi)
1953 - Jhaanjhar (Hindi, with C.Ramchandran)
1955 - Kanchan (Hindi)
1990 - Lekin (Hindi)

Kishore Kumar -The Greate Singer

2007-05-18T06:36:00.000-07:00

Kishore Kumar was born in to a Bengali family in the small town of Khandwa in Central Provinces and Berar, British India (now in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh) as Abhas Kumar Ganguly. His father Kunjilal Ganguly was a lawyer and his mother Gouri Devi was from a wealthy family. Kunjilal and Gouri Devi had four children in all: Ashok Kumar (the eldest), daughter Sati Devi, Anoop Kumar, and Kishore Kumar (the youngest).

Kishore was still a child when his brother Ashok Kumar became an actor. Some time later on Anoop Kumar also ventured into the movies with the help of Ashok Kumar. Spending time with his brothers, Kishore too started to take a keen interest in the movies. As time went on Kishore started to show interest in the music scene too and soon became a fan of Kundan Lal Saigal. As Kishore was developing his talent of mimicking K.L. Saigal's songs, his parents would often persuade him to mimic songs from Ashok Kumar's movies.

Initial days in Bollywood

Kishore followed his elder brothers and came to Mumbai to pursue a career in the movies. Ashok Kumar was doing well but the career of his other brother, Anoop Kumar, was not taking off.

On a visit to Austria, Anoop Kumar bought some records to help him to improve his singing skills. One evening when Anoop came back from work, on entering, he heard some yodelling sounds coming from another room and quickly shouted, "who's playing my records?" with no answer, he walked into the room and was shocked to find his younger brother Kishore making the same noise, which he had learnt from listening to Anoop's record collection.

Kishore Kumar did not have a formal training in music ^[1].He did make a name for himself as an actor, but more than anything else he wanted to become a playback singer. Kishore would ask his producers if he could sing on the movie's soundtrack. However, as he did not yet have a style of his own, he tried to copy the likes of K.L.Saigal. One day, the esteemed Bollywood music director Sachin Dev Burman came to visit his friend Ashok Kumar. On entering the front door, he was sure he heard the singing voice of his old friend K.L. Saigal. He asked Ashok, "Is K.L.Saigal here too?" Ashok replied that it was not Saigal, but his younger brother Kishore, singing in the bathroom. After a short time, S.D. Burman finally met Kishore. After a lengthy chat, Burman advised him not to copy Saigal but develop his own style. Kishore kept this advice in mind and would eventually develop a style that was all his own, prominently featuring the yodelling that he had heard on his brother Anoop's Austrian records; in Bollywood music circles, yodelling became Kishore's trademark.

Kishore becomes famous

Kishore was not interested in acting, but was too afraid to rebel against Ashok Kumar, who wanted him to be an actor like himself. Kishore had an idea, if he didn't act properly in his movie roles, for rushing from one studio to another, recording songs, composing music and writing lyrics, he also found time to produce and direct several movies too.

Although known mostly as a singer, he also achieved a lot of success as a comedian in films such classics as Half Ticket, Padosan, Naukri, Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, Baap Re Baap, Badthi Ka Naam Dadhi, Pyar Diwana, Hungama, Door Ka Raahi and the great classic but commercial flop and his own production called Door Gagan Ki Chhaon Mein. Door Gagan Ki Chhaon Mein was a futuristic movie which had Kishore Kumar with his real life son Amit Kumar playing a deaf and mute young boy.

Apart from Sachin Dev Burman, Khemchand Prakash was another composer who recognized Kishore's talents. He composed and recorded with Kishore for the movie Ziddi which became a huge hit. Incidentally, it was in Khemchand's own studio, where Kishore first met Lata Mangeshkar. Lata reports that one day she was going to Khemchand's studio to record, looking around she was under the impression that she was being followed, it was only after reaching the studio that she realized that it was Kishore, Ashok Kumar's younger brother with whom she would record a great many hit duets in the future. By now a lot of other well-known composers too realised Kishore's potentials and started to work with him on occasion.

S. D. Burman recorded with Kishore for Dev Anand's Munimji, Taxi Driver, Funtoosh, House No. 44, Nau Do Gyarah, and Paying Guest. At a time when Lata was rocketing to fame, S.D.Burman fell out with her and replaced her as his preferred female singer with her younger sister, Asha Bhosle. S.D.Burman, Majrooh, Asha and Kishore became a stong team and produced some fantastic music for films like, Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, the song, "Ek Ladki Bheegi Bhaagi Si", "Haal Kaisa Hai Janaab Ka" and "Paanch Rupaiya Baara Aana" became very popular among the moviegoers, there was also, Dev Anand's film Paying Guest and Teen Deviyan. The song "Mana Janab Ne Pukara Nahin" from Paying Guest was incredibly popular. Kishore and Asha recorded a lot of casual hits such as, "Chhod Do Aanchal", "Ankhon Mein Ji", "Arre Yaar Meri Tum Bhi Ho Gajab", "Chhedo Na Meri Zulfein" and there was another classic song from the film Dilli Ka Thug, which had, "C.A.T..Cat Maane Billi" and "Hum To Mohabbat Karega", the list is endless.

Majrooh Sultanpuri and Shailendra were favorite song writers of Kishore, he would request them to write all the songs for his home productions. In the days when composers would recommend lyricists to producers, Shankar-Jaikishan (composers) had promised Shailendra that they would recommend him around, but didn't keep their promise, to which Shailendra sent them a note with the lines, "Chhoti Si Yeh Duniya Pehchaane Raaste Hain Kahin To Miloge Phir Poochhenge Haal", Shankar-Jaikishan realized what the message meant and having said sorry, turned the lines into a well know song.

Kishore too was interested in composing. History has it that Kishore and Kalyanji Shah of Kalyanji-Anandji fame, introduced electronic sounds to the then composers who were around. Most of the time Kishore would assist S.D.Burman but he would compose and write songs himself. This shows in films like, Jhumroo for which Kishore wrote "Main Hoon Jhumroo".

The Lean Years

1960's, was quite a lean patch for Kishore. Most of his films flopped at the box office, there are a few songs memorable at the time like, "Zaroorat Hai Zaroorat Hai" from the film (Manmauji-1961) which was penned by Rajinder Krishan and composed by Madan Mohan. at about this time Mohammed Rafi and Mukesh were the favorites singers around. Composers were showing a blind eye towards Kishore, but he soon bouced back with the song, "Gaata Rahe Mera Dil", from the film (Guide).

In 1966, S.D.Burman's son, Rahul Dev Burman burst into the music limelight when he scored the music for the film, Teesri Manzil. He recorded all the songs with Rafi. But it was matter of time when R.D.Burman would work with Kishore. Their first hit came in the shape of Padosan with the song, "Mere Samnewali Khidki Mein". There was a scene in the movie where Mehmood would fight Sunil Dutt in a singing match. Kishore insisted that it would be boring if dialogues were spoken during the song to which Mehmood agreed. Keeping this in mind Kishore, Mehmood and lyricist Rajinder Krishan and R.D.Burman sat together and came up with the 'musical fight sung titled, "Ek Chaturnar Karke Singaar", it was sung by Kishore and Manna Dey who was a trained classical singer. Manna Dey found it preposterous that he should lose the song fight to the likes of Kishore and at one point refused to record the song. Mehmood who was also movie's producer had personally assured Manna Dey that he was a better singer than Kishore and it was the films script that dictated who loses. Later, however Manna Dey applauded the way Kishore had sung the song and was very happy with the result

The Superstar Era

In 1969, Shakti Samanta produced and directed the film Aradhana for which the musical score was composed by S.D. Burman. The first songs recorded were the Mohammed Rafi-Asha Bhosale duet "Gun guna rahe hain bhanvre" and the Rafi-Lata duet "Baghon mein bahar hai". (For commercial reasons, it was usual to record the first songs by the leading singer, which at the time being Rafi and Lata). Although Rafi was to continue voicing the remaining songs already composed, S.D. Burman fell into a coma following the onset of a sudden illness. It became the responsibility of R.D.Burman (his son) to finish the task. R.D. Burman made it very clear that he preferred Kishore Kumar's voice to that of Mohammed Rafi. And the rest, as they say is history. The song "Mere Sapno Ki Rani" went on to become the latest craze of the day. Kishore won his first Filmfare award for the song, "Roop Tera Mastana". Kishore got the break he had been seeking for nearly two decades.

S.D.Burman and Kishore recorded for Dev Anand's directoral debut film Prem Pujari which flopped but soundtrack became a hit, there was "Phoolon Ke Rang Se", "Lena Hoga Janam Hamein" and "Shokhiyon Mein Ghola Jaaye".

For the film Sharmilee, Kishore and S.D.Burman recorded, a duet with Lata with the song "Aaj Madhosh Hua Jaaye Re", there was "Khilte Hain Gul Yahan" and the smash hit "O Meri Sharmilee". At the same time Kishore recorded with S.D.Burman for the film Jugnu the song was "Pyaar Ke Is Khel Mein" and then around at that same time again S.D.Burman and Kishore recorded for film Zameer(1974) which had the songs "Zindagi Hasne Gaane ke liye hai Pal Do Pal", "Phoolon Ke Dere Hain", and "Tum Bhi Chalo Hum Bhi Chalen" and starred Amitabh Bachchan. Zameer(1974) was S D Burman's last film as a Music Director

Laxmikant-Pyarelal also composed many tunes for Kishore Kumar which became big hits like "Mere Dil Mein Aaj Kya Hai" from Daag and "Mere Naseeb Mein Aye Dost" from Do Raaste , "Naach Meri Bulbul" from the film Roti, "Chal Chal Mere Haathi" from the film Haathi Mere Saathi and "My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves" for the film Amar Akhbar Anthony. However, for many, Kishore's most accomplished piece of work for the duo is probably the song "Mere diwanepan ki bhi dawa nahin" from the film Mehboob Ki Mehndi. Laxmikant-Pyarelal got Kishore and Rafi to sing duets for the films Dostana and Ram Balram. The Laxmikant-Pyarelal list continues with "Achchha To Hum Chalte Hain", "Kal Ki Haseen Mulaqat Ke Liye", "Gore Rang Pe Na Itna", "Tu Kitne Baras Ki", "Gaari Bula Rahi Hai", "Ruk Jaana Nahi" (film Imtihaan) and "Mere Mehboob Qayamat Hogi" (film Mr X In Bombay).

Kalyanji-Anandji and Kishore recorded for such film as Dharmatma, Laawaris , Muqaddar Ka Sikander, Kabeela, Johny Mera Naam and Don. The songs "O Saathi Re" from Muqaddar Ka Sikander and "Khaike Paan Banariswala" from the film Don were hits, as was "Mera Jeevan Kora Kagaz" from the film Kora Kagaz.

In 1975 it was reported that S.D.Burman went into a coma for the second time, while Kishore was recording the song "Badi Sooni Sooni Si Hai Zindagi" for the film Mili. Due to his fathers death R.D.Burman spent more time with Kishore Kumar. He asked Kishore to sing for both Amitabh and Dharmendra for the film Sholay.

Kishore with R.D.Burman at his side recorded for Dev Anand's films like Warrant (1975), Heera Panna, and Shareef Badmash. These films didn't do well at the box office but the music was popular, including songs like "Ruk Jaana O Jaana" from Warrant, "Panna Ki Tamana" from Heera Panna and "Neend Chura Ke Raaton Mein" from the film Shareef Badmash which were all chart busters.

Songs such as "Agar Tum Na Hote", "Humein Tum Se Pyaar Kitna", "Mere Naina Saawan Bahado", "Chingari Koi Bhadke", "O Maajhi Re" were hits. By now Kishore was also singing for the younger heroes. He was singing for Rishi Kapoor and Sanjay Dutt too. Kishore and Lata sang some trendy tunes for Sanjay's first movie called Rocky. There was "Kya Yehi Pyaar Hai" and "Hum Tumse Mile".

The new composers like Rajesh Roshan, Sapan Chakravarty (who was R.D.Burman's assistant), Bappi Lahiri and others preferred Kishore's voice. Rajesh Roshan's first hit composed film Julie had some memorable songs, "Bhool Gaya Saab Kuch", "Dil Kya Kare Jab Kisise". Rajesh Roshan worked with Kishore also for the films Do Aur Do Paanch, Doosra Aadmi, Kaala Patthar, Swami, Swayamvar, Man Pasand and Kaash. Bappi Lahiri, know for lifting western tunes asked Kishore to sing hit numbers like, "Chalte chalte", "Aaj Rapat Jaayein", "Pag Ghunghroo" for the film Namak Halal in 1982. Then in 1984 there was the film Sharabi which had songs like "Jahan Chaar Yaar" and "Manzilen Apni Jagah Hai" for which Kishore won another Filmfare award.

Kishore Kumar sang for Amitabh Bachchan, Jeetendra, Anil Kapoor and Govinda. Due to the adaptability of his voice and success of his songs, at one time, Amitabh Bachchan would always want Kishore Kumar as his playback singer just as Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand wanted him in the past.

During the Indian Emergency in 1975-77, Kishore refused to sing for Indira Gandhi's "Emergency Propaganda" as a result, his songs were banned by all the national media at that time, but this didn't stop Kishore becoming the legend he turned out to be.

Last Years

Kishore's son Amit Kumar became a great singer in the 80's thanks to patronage of R.D.Burman and Rajesh Roshan. But Kishore was still around, singing for the younger heroes and older heroes to their likes. Kishore and Amitabh had a bitter misunderstanding in the mid 80s. Amitabh refused to do a guest appearance in a film produced by Kishore. This upset Kishore and as a result he stopped singing for Amitabh.

Kishore sang for Anil Kapoor for his first film, Woh Saat Din and also recorded for his film Mr.India. Once again Kishore was recording great songs for R.D.Burman for the film Saagar.

In 1987, Kishore was unhappy with the songs he was singing and decided to retire and seek out his roots back at his Native Khandwa. However in October 1987 he died of a heart attack in Mumbai on the day of his elder brother Ashok's birthday. His last wish to go home was fulfilled as his body was taken to his birth place Khandwa for cremation.

Kishore inspired many of today's singers one way or another. Singers like Kumar Sanu, Abhijeet, Vinod Rathod and Babul Supriyo started their careers as Kishore's clones. When Kishore was in the prime of his career there was no space for anybody else, they only sang for low-budget films when those movie producers couldn't afford to sign Kishore Kumar.

After His Death

Even years after his death Kishore is seen as an irreplaceable legendary singer. His songs have been resung by many present day singers. One of his songs titled "Pal Bhar Ke Liye" from the 1970 Bollywood film Johny Mera Naam starring Dev Anand and Hema Malini was used in an episode of The Simpsons titled Kiss Kiss Bang Bangalore. In the episode, Homer and the nuclear power plant get relocated to India. His family, sisters-in-law, boss, and Richard Dean Anderson tag along.

Dev Anand the Ever Green Hero!!!!!!!!

2007-05-16T06:55:00.000-07:00

Dev Anand was born in Gurdaspur in Punjab to a well-to-do advocate, Pishorimal Anand. He graduated in English literature from the Government College, Lahore (now in Pakistan). His love for acting made him leave his hometown. Dev began his career in the military censor office at Churchgate, Mumbai, for a salary of Rs 160. He was soon offered a break as an actor by Prabhat Talkies to star in their Hum Ek Hain (1946). While shooting for the film in Pune, Dev struck a friendship with fellow actor Guru Dutt. Soon, they were swapping shirts, double dating and sharing dreams. They made a pact: if Dev produced a film, Guru Dutt would direct it; if Guru Dutt produced a film, Dev would act in it.

Dev was offered his first big break by Ashok Kumar, his favourite star. Kumar spotted Dev hanging around in the studios and picked him as the hero for the Bombay Talkies production, Ziddi, costarring Kamini Kaushal (1948). His first success came with Ziddi (1948).
In 1949, he turned producer and launched his own company Navketan, which continues to churn out movies. Though his maiden attempt at direction, Prem Pujari, flopped, his second directorial effort Hare Rama Hare Krishna in 1971 with Zeenat Aman was a big success.
As promised, Dev gambled on Guru Dutt as director for the crime thriller, Baazi (1951). The dice rolled in favour of this creative collaboration; the Sahir Ludhianvi, lyricist song, Tadbeer se bigdi huyee taqdeer bana de, proved prophetic and Dev became a true star.

He also played a few characters with a negative shade, like in Jaal (1952). His films Rahee and Aandhiyan, were screened there along with Raj Kapoor's Awaara. In the same year, Taxi Driver was declared a hit. Dev's heroine was Kalpana Kartik again, and the two decided to marry in a quiet ceremony.
Marriage and the birth of son Suneil in 1956 did not affect Dev's career. A rapid-fire style of dialogue delivery, an array of hats (see for example Aye meri topi palat ke aa), and a penchant for nodding while speaking became Dev's style in films like Munimji, CID and Paying Guest. His style was lapped up by the audience and was widely imitated. He starred in a string of box office successes for the remainder of the 1950s.
Despite his characteristic style, Dev's detractors cast aspersions on his acting abilities and questioned his inclusion in the hallowed Raj Kapoor-Dilip Kumar league. Dev made them eat humble pie with his class act in Kala Pani (1958), as the son who is willing to go to any lengths — including sweet-talking a courtesan into believing he is in love with her — to clear his framed father's name. He won the Best Actor Award for the film.

He was romantically involved with singer-actress Suraiya and the two of them paired in six films together. During the shooting of a song sequence in the file, a boat capsized and Dev Anand saved Suraiya from drowning. She fell in love with him but her grandmother opposed the relationship. Suraiya remained unmarried all her life.
His first film in colour, Guide with Waheeda Rehman was based on the novel of the same name by R. K. Narayan. The impetus for making a film from the book came from Dev Anand himself, and he met and persuaded Narayan to give his assent to the project. Dev Anand tapped his friends in Hollywood to lauch an Indo-US co-production that was shot in Hindi and English simultaneously and was released in 1965. This is regarded by many as his best work to-date.[citation needed]
Guide, directed by younger brother Vijay Anand, silenced the staunchest of critics. Dev played Raju, a voluble guide who supports Rosy (Waheeda) in her bid for freedom; but is not above thoughtlessly exploiting her for personal gains. Combining style with substance, Dev gave an affecting performance as a man grappling with his emotions in his passage through love, shame and salvation.
Guide was Dev's creative acme. He reunited with Vijay Anand for the much-hyped Jewel Thief, featuring a bevy of beauties led by Vyjayanthimala and including Tanuja, Anju Mahendru, Faryal and Helen.

Their next collaboration, Johnny Mera Naam (1970) was a big hit. The film was released in the same year as Raj Kapoor's magnum 'flopus' Mera Naam Joker (it was a commercial failure). Unlike Raj and Dilip who slowed down in the Seventies, Dev continued to be a romantic hero.
His maiden attempt at direction, the espionage drama, Prem Pujari flopped, but Dev got lucky with his sophomore directorial effort Hare Rama Hare Krishna. It talked about the prevalent hippie cult. Zeenat Aman, who played the mini-skirt sporting, pot-smoking protagonist Janice, became an overnight sensation. Dev also became known as a filmmaker of trenchantly topical themes.
The presence of his discoveries — the zestful Zeenat and later, the elfin Tina Munim (heroine of Dev's last recognised hit Des Pardes in 1978) — fuelled Dev's image as the evergreen star even when he was well into his fifties.
Dev Anand is one of those few Indian actors/filmmakers who are politically aware and active and are ready to stand up for the cause that is dear to them. He was the one who led a group of film personalities who stood up against the Internal Emergency imposed by the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. He actively campaigned against her with his supporters in [Indian parliamentary elections in 1977 while very few among the film fraternity showed the courage to fight against the authoritarian regime.
Most of his films are an expression of his world view and have dealt with socially relevant subjects. He always emphasises this in his interviews. He thinks that his films represent his personal points of view.[citation needed]
Dev Anand's films are best known for their great music. Some of the most popular Bollywood songs were from his films.[citation needed] His association with music composers O. P. Nayyar, Sachin Dev Burman and his son Rahul Dev Burman, lyricists Majrooh Sultanpuri, Neeraj, Shailendra, and playback singers Mohammad Rafi and Kishore Kumar produced some very popular songs.

9 Ways to Improve Bad Website Design

2007-05-14T04:43:00.000-07:00

1. Balance your page
When users enter a website, their focus first starts at the top left of the page, and hovers there before slowly tracking to the right. Contrary to what many think, the web user is focused more on the text of the page, rather than images or graphics. This is where balance comes into place. Balance will not only make your page more visually appealing, but it will make your page easier to read and items easier to find. A good layout will help the objects on your page to flow.

2. Keep it simple Less is more.

Clean your website up by removing all the unnecessary visual elements. This will allow important items to stand out. Leave some white space on the page. The illusion of space is visually pleasing, as well as easier to navigate. Otherwise, your visitor will get whiplash by darting their head from left to right in an attempt to look at all the information crammed on your screen. Or worse, they'll clíck on out of there in a hurry.

3. Fix your fonts
The size and type of font you select will have an effect on how your reader takes in your information. What font should you use? San-serif fonts such as Arial and Verdana are popular choices for on-screen reading. And keep the size in mind too. The font size should be no smaller than 10 points and no largër than 14 points. You don't want the reader to be able to read the information from across the room, but you don't want them squinting and leaning closer to the monitor either.

4. Clean backgrounds Go subtle.

The background textures and colors you choose have the ability to gauge the overall appeal of the website. Lots of texture and graphics in the background can be distracting, and the more texture you add to the background, the less noticeable your text and images become. If you're going to use a color on the background, make sure there is a significant contrast between the background color and the text. Strike a good balance, or you may compromise the readability of the text. Make good choices. You will rarely go wrong with black text on a white background. It's crisp, clean, and easy to read. Be cautious when using darker and brighter colors such as red or yellow. They cause visual fatigue and the reader will löse their focus on the text.

5. Graphics Graphics are often overused on webpages.
We often clutter the pages with objects that look cool but serve no purpose other than to íncrease the download time. Here are some instances where you can use graphics to enhance your pages: Logo – Your logo is your brand recognition and it adds visual appeal to your webpages. Title bars – The title bar lets your visitors know which page they are on. Horizontal rules – Graphic lines are often used to separate categories or sections of a webpage. Background images – Are used to add visual appeal or make a web site easier to navigate. Photos – Personalize a website and make it inviting. Navigation icons, such as `home' and 'back' enhance a page because they are familiar and users anticipate seeing them.

6. Easy navigation Create a toolbar with links that are easy to navigate.
Position the toolbar in an area that makes sense. Web users often look for the toolbar across the top or down the left hand side of the page. Going with the norm will create a sense of familiarity and facilitate the ease of navigation. And don't forget a link to your homepage. It's often forgotten but very important to point your users to your home page. Chëck out www.invesp.com for an example of easy and well structured website navigation.

7. Text readability
You have great copy, but are you displaying it effectively? Make your pages easy to read. Break up blocks of text and create short paragraphs. Consider the key points on each page and create headings and subheadings. Only use one or two fonts. Select one font for your headings and subheadings and another for the body text. Highlight key words and phrases by bolding or using a different color. Be careful when selecting colors, and don't use every color in the rainbow. Many, such as yellow and pink, don't stand out well if you've selected a white or black background.

8. Scrolling Horizontal scrolling? Yikes. That needs to go, now! Users hate, hate, hate to scroll left to right. It's disorienting and annoying, so if you've got it, löse it. Vertical scrolling is ok if you have to have it, but consider moving largër blocks of information to another page and providing links. There's also the danger of missing vital information that falls below the screen if a user decides not to scroll down to view it. So if you've got to have a scrolling page, try to keep all your important information above the fold.

9. Make it quick
We all get impatient when it takes more than 5 seconds to connect to a website. Users want to make contact, and make it quick. Ensure that your pages load as quickly as possible. Eliminate unnecessary graphics, especially flash graphics...they can be time hogs. You need to make an immediate impression, and the only impression you're leaving as your page slowly grinds in to view is "this page sucks"...if they're still there to see it at all.
By Ayat Shukairy (c) 2007

build a mutual fund portfolio

2007-05-10T03:30:00.000-07:00

With new fund offers becoming the order of the day (there are dozens launched every month) in the mutual fund industry, investors often find themselves stumped while evaluating whether a particular fund should be a part of their portfolio.
Add to this the fact that most of the NFOs fail to offer anything significantly different from existing mutual funds. This confuses the investor even further, since he is forever agonising on whether the NFO is truly a great investment opportunity as the advertisement often claims.
At Personalfn, we are flooded with queries from investors on how to go about building a portfolio that will involve minimal tracking and churning and can help them achieve their investment objectives over the long-term.
To be sure, this is not an easy task given the number of mutual funds in the market, many of which seem to be saying (as dictated by the investment objective) and doing (in terms of investments) totally different things.
Out of the varying categories of mutual fund investors (long-term, short-term, risk-taking, conservative), we have considered the category - i.e. risk-taking, long-term investor since a lot of investors belong to it or will belong to it at some point of time in their lives.
Among the numerous problems plaguing the mutual fund industry, we have highlighted the ones that are particularly irksome for the risk-taking investor attempting to build a long-term mutual fund portfolio.
Building a mutual fund portfolio is not an easy task. For the benefit of investors, we have split this process in two steps. The first step, outlined below, is relatively easy as it involves eliminating the mutual fund schemes that should not be a part of your portfolio.
Process of elimination Reason why we started with the process of elimination is because for some unfathomable reason, investors like to populate their mutual fund portfolios with a lot of schemes. Even more unfortunate is when you ask them why they invested in a particular scheme, there is no answer except the customary - my agent told me it's a great fund.
To investors who believe that more mutual fund schemes is in harmony with the principle of diversification and therefore a virtue, we would like to quote Warren Buffet, arguably the most successful investor of all time. With regards to diversification he says, 'Diversification is a protection against ignorance. It makes very little sense for those who know what they are doing.'
So the need of the hour for the mutual fund investor is not to go by what his agent is telling him, but question the existence of every mutual fund in his portfolio so that he is left only with the very best and critical funds. The rest of the funds can be redeemed. It is vital for the mutual fund investor to guard against over-diversification; your fund manager (if he is smart) is taking care of the diversification. There is little point in diversifying something that is already diversified.
While eliminating mutual funds (whether they are a part of your portfolio or not), one has to keep some points in mind.
Restrain the urge to invest in sector/thematic funds no matter how compelling an argument your agent or the fund house makes. Over the long-term, there is little value that a restrictive and narrow theme can bring to the table. It is best to opt for a broad investment mandate that is best championed by well-diversified equity funds.
If there are two or more mutual funds that seem to be doing the same thing (in terms of mandate, style), then you have to ensure that you are left with just the best in that category and eliminate the rest.
Since equity funds are long-term investments, it's a must to evaluate them over the long-term (3-5 years) and over a market cycle. That way you get a fairly good idea about whether the equity fund under review has stood the test of time. Many NFOs launched over the last 2-3 years have done reasonably well leading investors to believe they are well-managed funds, while the fact is that the markets have appreciated sharply over this period.
So a fund manager would have to be really incompetent to lose money over this period. It takes a bear phase to separate the men from the boys.
Process of selectionIf you have performed the elimination process diligently enough, the second step should come naturally. For instance, if you have ignored all the sector/thematic funds, that leaves you with just the well-diversified ones.
Likewise, if you have disregarded the equity funds that have yet to complete a 3-yr track record, you are automatically left with those who have a minimum 3-yr track record. While selecting mutual funds, you must keep the following points in mind:
The debate on whether large caps or mid caps reward the investor better is an ongoing one and it would be inadvisable to choose one over the other because both have inherent strengths and (if well-selected) can reward the investor handsomely over the long-term.
Therefore, there is merit in selecting a well-managed mid cap and large cap fund for your mutual fund portfolio. It also pays to invest in an equity fund that can invest in both large caps and mid caps depending on the opportunity; these funds are therefore referred to as opportunities/flexi cap funds.
On the same lines, investors should go for both - well-managed growth style and value style equity funds. This way they can capitalise on opportunities across the board. Growth funds invest in well-managed companies that are fairly valued with a view that they are likely to perform even better going forward.
Value funds invest in well-managed companies that are undervalued (temporarily) with the view that they will achieve their fair value going forward.
Although, balanced funds have their own set of critics, for one, we are firmly in favour of them. We are further vindicated by the fact that most equity funds to be launched in the recent past have a provision to invest a portion of their assets in debt. The fact is, everyone, including equity fund managers, realises the importance of debt in a mutual fund. So including a well-managed balanced fund in your portfolio is a must.
Your selection process must be based on cold research and analysis; your agent, neighbour and colleague are welcome to air their views, but remember at the end of the day it's your money, not theirs. While researching equity funds, go for the ones that have a 3-5 track record over a market cycle.
The performance (or lack of it) of an equity fund during a market downturn should be noted. Usually, investors are enamoured by 'bull run wonders', ignoring the fact that it is actually the downturn that is the biggest test for the fund manager.
Speaking of the fund manager, don't rely too heavily on him either; instead rely on a fund management team. This way, even if the fund manager quits the fund house (which is very common today), the processes of the fund management team can replace him seamlessly.
To summarise, the mutual fund portfolio of a risk-taking investor must include the following funds:
Large cap fund
Mid cap fund
Opportunities fund
Growth style fund
Value style fund
Balanced fund
A lot of what we have said in terms of the research process may appear a little difficult and time-consuming to the investor. That is not surprising, after all investing is a full-time activity and if you give it part-time attention, the results can be disastrous. That is why it is important to engage the services of a competent and experienced financial planner who can help you build a mutual fund portfolio on the lines we have recommended.

All these incomes are tax-free for FY 2007-08

2007-04-23T07:39:00.000-07:00

Here are some of the important items of income, which are fully exempt from income tax and which can be utilised by a resident individual Indian assessee for the purpose of tax planning.

1. Agricultural income

Under the provisions of Section 10(1) of the Income Tax Act, agricultural income is fully exempt from income tax. However, for individuals or HUFs when agricultural income is in excess of Rs 5,000, it is aggregated with the total income for the purposes of computing tax on the total income in a manner which results into "no" tax on agricultural income but an increased income tax on the other income.

Agricultural income which fulfils the above conditions is completely exempt from tax. The manner of calculating tax on total income and agricultural income, is explained in Illustration.

Illustration

For the assessment year 2008-09 an individual has a total income from trading in cloth amounting to Rs 111,000 besides, he has earned Rs 40,000 as income from agriculture.

The income tax payable by him will be computed as under:

On the first Rs 110,000 of taxable non-agricultural income: Nil

On the next Rs 40,000 of agricultural income (falling under 10% slab): Nil

On the next Rs 1,000 of taxable non-agricultural income @ 20%: Rs 200

IT on aggregated income of Rs 111,000 + Rs 40,000 = Rs 151,000: Rs 200

2. Receipts from HUF

Any sum received by an individual as a member of a Hindu Undivided Family, where the said sum has been paid out of the income of the family, or, in the case of an impartible estate, where such sum has been paid out of the income of the estate belonging to the family, is completely exempt from income tax in the hands of an individual member of the family under Section 10(2).

3. Share from a partnership firm

Under the provisions of Section 10(2A), in the case of a person being a partner of a firm which is separately assessed as such, his share in the total income of the firm is completely exempt from income tax since AY 1993-94.

For this purpose, the share of a partner in the total income of a firm separately assessed as such would be an amount which bears to the total income of the firm the same share as the amount of the share in the profits of the firm in accordance with the partnership deed bears to such profits.

4. Allowance for foreign service

Any allowances or perquisites paid or allowed as such outside India by the government to a citizen of India, rendering service outside India, are completely exempt from tax under Section 10(7). This provision can be taken advantage of by the citizens of India who are in government service so that they can accumulate tax-free perquisites and allowances received outside India.

5. Gratuities

Under the provisions of Section 10(10) of the IT Act, any death-cum-retirement gratuity of a government servant is completely exempt from income tax. However, in respect of private sector employees gratuity received on retirement or on becoming incapacitated or on termination or any gratuity received by his widow, children or dependants on his death is exempt subject to certain conditions.

The maximum amount of exemption is Rs 350,000. Of course, this is further subject to certain other limits like the one half-month's salary for each year of completed service, calculated on the basis of average salary for the 10 months immediately preceding the year in which the gratuity is paid or 20 months' salary as calculated. Thus, the least of these items is exempt from income tax under Section 10(10).

6. Commutation of pension

The entire amount of any payment in commutation of pension by a government servant or any payment in commutation of pension from LIC pension fund is exempt from income tax under Section 10(10A) of IT Act.

However, in respect of private sector employees, only the following amount of commuted pension is exempt, namely: (a) Where the employee received any gratuity, the commuted value of one-third of the pension which he is normally entitled to receive; and (b) In any other case, the commuted value of half of such pension.

It may be noted here that the monthly pension receivable by a pensioner is liable to full income tax like any other item of salary or income and no standard deduction is now available in respect of pension received by a tax payer.

7. Leave salary of central government employees

Under Section 10(10AA) the maximum amount receivable by the employees of central government as cash equivalent to the leave salary in respect of earned leave at their credit up to 10 months' leave at the time of their retirement, whether on superannuation or otherwise, would be Rs 300,000.

8. Voluntary retirement or separation payment

Under the provisions of Section 10(10C), any amount received by an employee of a public sector company or of any other company or of a local authority or a statutory authority or a cooperative society or university or IIT or IIM at the time of his voluntary retirement (VR) or voluntary separation in accordance with any scheme or schemes of VR as per Rule 2BA, is completely exempt from tax. The maximum amount of money received at such VR which is so exempt is Rs 5 lakh (Rs 500,000).

9. Life insurance receipts

Under Section 10(10D), any sum received under a Life Insurance Policy (LIP), including the sum allocated by way of bonus on such policy, other than u/s 80DDA or under a Keyman Insurance Policy, or under an insurance policy issued on or after 1.4.2003 (April 1, 2003) in respect of which the premium payable for any of the years during the term of the policy exceeds 20% of the actual capital sum assured, is fully exempt from tax.

However, all moneys received on death of the insured are fully exempt from tax. Thus, generally moneys received from life insurance policies whether from the Life Insurance Corporation or any other private insurance company would be exempt from income tax.

10. Payment received from provident funds

Under the provisions of Sections 10(11), (12) and (13) any payment from a government or recognised provident fund (PF) or approved superannuation fund, or PPF is exempt from income tax.

11. Certain types of interest payment

There are certain types of interest payments which are fully exempt from income tax u/s 10(15). These are described below:

(i) Income by way of interest, premium on redemption or other payment on such securities, bonds, annuity certificates, savings certificates, other certificates issued by the Central Government and deposits as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.

(iia) In the case of an individual or a Hindu Undivided Family, interest on such capital investment bonds as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf (i.e. 7% Capital Investment Bonds);

(iib) In the case of an individual or a Hindu Undivided Family, interest on such Relief Bonds as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf (i.e., 9% or 8.5% or 8% or 7% Relief Bonds); (iid) Interest on NRI bonds;

(iiia) Interest on securities held by the issue department of the Central Bank of Ceylon constituted under the Ceylon Monetary Law Act, 1949;

(iiib) Interest payable to any bank incorporated in a country outside India and authorised to perform central banking functions in that country on any deposits made by it, with the approval of the Reserve Bank of India or with any scheduled bank;

(iv) Certain interest payable by Government or a local authority on moneys borrowed by it, including hedging charges on currency fluctuation (from the AY 2000-2001), etc.

(v) Interest on Gold Deposit Bonds;

(vi) Interest on certain deposits are: Bhopal Gas victims;

(vii) Interest on bonds of local authorities as notified, and

(viii) Interest on 6.5% Savings Bonds [Exempt] issued by RBI.

12. Scholarship and awards, etc.

Any kind of scholarship granted to meet the cost of education is exempt from tax under Section 10(16). Similarly, certain awards and rewards, etc. are completely exempt from tax under Section 10(17A), for example, Lakhotia Puraskar of Rs 31,000 awarded to the best Rajasthani author, every year under Notification No. 199/28/95-IT (A-I) dated 22-4-1996. Any daily allowance received by a Member of Parliament or by an MLA or any member of any Committee of Parliament or State legislature is also exempt from tax under Section 10(17).

13. Gallantry awards, etc. Section 10(18)

The Finance Act, 1999 has, with effect from AY 2000-2001, provided for complete exemption for the pension and family pension of Gallantry Award Winners like Paramvir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, and Vir Chakra and also other Gallantry Award winners notified by the Central Government.

14. Dividends on shares and units - Section 10(34) & (35)

With effect from the Assessment Year 2004-05, the dividend income and income of units of mutual funds received by the assessee completely exempt from income tax.

15. Long-term capital gains of transfer of securities - Section 10(38)

With effect from FY 2004-05, any income arising to a taxpayer on account of sale of long-term capital asset being securities is completely outside the purview of tax liability especially when the transaction has been subjected to Securities Transaction Tax (STT).

Thus, if the shares of any company listed in the stock exchange are sold after holding it for a minimum period of one year then there will be no liability to payment of capital gains. This provision would even apply for the old shares which are held by an assesse and are sold after the Finance (No.2) Act, 2004 came into force.

16. Amount received by way of gift, etc - Section 10(39)

As per the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, gift, etc. received after 1-9-2004 by individual or HUF in cash or by way of credit, etc. is being subjected to tax if the same is not received from a relative, etc. However, Section 10(39) provides that the amount received to the extent of Rs 50,000 will, however, be exempt from the purview of tax payment.

Similarly, amount received on the occasion of marriage from non-relative, etc. would also be exempted. It may be noted that the gift from relatives, etc. as mentioned in the section can be received without any upper limit.

mind of the Virginia Tech shooter

2007-04-19T02:19:00.000-07:00

The South Korean student, the perpetrator of the worst campus carnage in US history, left behind a remorseless and macabre signature in the form of videos, photos and words between his twin attacks at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, according to footage broadcast by NBC.
Apparently after carrying out the first two shootings, Cho Seung-Hui, 23, had enough composure to go to a local post office and mail a package containing audio-video materials to NBC News. According to the postal stamp on the Express Mail Cho mailed at 9.01 a.m. from Blacksburg, some an hour and 45 minutes after a 911 call alerted the police to the first shootings at West Ambler Johnston residence hall.
About 45 minutes later Cho returned to the campus, this time to unleash the kind of violence America is still shuddering from.
Twenty three Quicktime videos and 29 photographs, showing Cho in complete control of his senses, were aimed at telling the world of unspecified wrongs and humiliation he had suffered. NBC News said the videos were shot over at least six days, a testimony to how coldly Cho planned the massacre. It raises the possibility that he might have had some kind of accomplice to help with the package and taking pictures.
The videos and photos showed Cho in various poses such as brandishing a knife near his own throat and pointing a handgun to his own head. One picture shows him tightly holding a hammer. Some of the images show Cho wearing a black T-shirt, a tan vest and a backward baseball cap. In other pictures, he wears a white T-shirt with a black, gun-holster vest.
The purpose of the materials was apparently to underscore his resolve and, in a bizarre way, rationalize what he was about to embark on.
Cho's utterances are mostly meanderings of a deeply disturbed yet remarkably determined mind.
'You had a hundred billion chances and ways to have avoided today,' he says in one clip. 'But you decided to spill my blood. You forced me into a corner and gave me only one option. The decision was yours. Now you have blood on your hands that will never wash off.'
'You just loved crucifying me,' he says in another, 'You loved inducing cancer in my head, terrorizing my heart and ripping my soul all the time.'
Then he rants against those with wealth and material success. 'Do you know what it feels like to be torched alive? Do you know what it feels like to be humiliated?' he wonders.
'You had everything you wanted. Your Mercedes wasn't enough. Your vodka and cognac wasn't enough. Your trust fund wasn't enough. All your debaucheries weren't enough.'
'When the time came I did it, I had to,' he said in one video clip.
Revelations after the killings speak of the 23-year-old student majoring in English being a seriously disturbed man with some highly violent imagery as manifest in a couple of plays he wrote. Many are troubled that despite telltale signs of his worrisome nature neither the authorities at Virginia Tech nor the police took any pre-emptive action on the grounds that he had really not threatened or harmed anyone before the killings. Except for a couple of incidents of stalking fellow female students, Cho has been described as a loner.
Authorities were tight-lipped on the new development, and university officials decided against holding a press conference after the footage was released.
'This may be a very new critical component of this investigation,' State Police Chief Steve Flaherty said at an earlier press conference, which was also cut short.

House OF Stars

2007-04-14T02:33:00.000-07:00

Aishwarya Rai occupies the 12th floor of Lamar, a building near Bandra's famous Mount Mary church

On the avenue between Salman and Shah Rukh Khan's homes lives the mysterious Rekha
John Abraham

Galaxy Apartments, where Salman Khan stays.

AMIR KHAN Aamir Khan too is a native of Bandra
Shah Rukh Khan's home Mannat, which faces the Bandra seafront, is an obvious tourist spot.

Infosys Q4 Profit up at Rs 1,144 crores

2007-04-13T04:22:00.000-07:00

Infosys Technologies Ltd has announced the following audited results for the quarter and year ended March 31, 2007:

The results for the quarter ended March 31, 2007

The company has posted a net profit after tax and exceptional items of Rs 1,124 crore (Rs 11.24 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 as compared to Rs 664 crore (Rs 6.64 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2006. Total Income has increased from Rs 2563 crore (Rs 25.63 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 to Rs 3675 crore (Rs 36.75 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2007.

The results for the year ended March 31, 2007

The company has posted a net profit after tax and exceptional items of Rs 3783 crore (Rs 37.83 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2007 as compared to Rs 2421 crores (Rs 24.21 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2006. Total Income has increased from Rs 9172 crores (Rs 91.72 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2006 to Rs 13524 crores (Rs 135.24 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2007.

The consolidated results are as follows:

The consolidated results for the quarter ended March 31, 2007

The group has posted a net profit after tax, exceptional items and minority interest of Rs 1144 crore (Rs 11.44 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 as compared to Rs 673 crore (Rs 6.73 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2006. Total Income has increased from Rs 2696 crores (Rs 26.96 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 to Rs 3891 crores (Rs 38.91 billion) for the quarter ended March 31, 2007.

The consolidated results for the year ended March 31, 2007

The group has posted a net profit after tax, exceptional items and minority interest of Rs 3856 crores (Rs 38.56 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2007 as compared to Rs 2458 crores (Rs 24.58 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2006. Total Income has increased from Rs 9660 crores (Rs 96.6 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2006 to Rs 14265 crores (Rs 142.65 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2007.

Business outlook

Infosys has announced the following business outlook:

The company's outlook (consolidated) for the quarter ending June 30, 2007 and the fiscal year ending March 31, 2008, under Indian GAAP and US GAAP, is as follows:

Outlook under Indian GAAP - consolidated

Quarter ending June 30, 2007**

Income is expected to be in the range of Rs 3896 crores (Rs 38.96 billion) and Rs 3913 (Rs 39.13 billion); YoY growth of 29.2 per cent - 29.8 per cent

Earnings per share before exceptional item is expected to be Rs 17.84; YoY growth of 24.2 per cent

Fiscal year ending March 31, 2008**

Income is expected to be in the range of Rs 17038 crores (Rs170.38 billion) and Rs 17308 crores (Rs 173.08 billion); YoY growth of 22.6 per cent-24.6 per cent.

Earnings per share***before exceptional item are expected to be between Rs 80.29 and Rs 81.58; YoY growth of 20.0 per cent-22.0 per cent

** Conversion 1 US$ = Rs 43.10

*** Excluding tax reversal of Rs 1250 million in fiscal 2007

Outlook under US GAAP

Quarter ending June 30, 2007

Consolidated revenues are expected to be in the range of U$ 904 million and $ 908 million; YoY growth of 37.0 per cent- 37.6 per cent.

Consolidated earnings per American Depositary Share are expected to be $ 0.41; YoY growth of 28.2 per cent

Fiscal year ending March 31, 2008

Consolidated revenues are expected to be in the range of $ 3.95 billion and $ 4.02 billion; YoY growth of 28.0 per cent-30.0 per cent

Consolidated earnings per American Depositary Share*** are expected to be between $ 1.86 and $ 1.89; YoY growth of 25.7 per cent-27.7 per cent

*** Excluding tax reversal of US$ 29 million in fiscal 2007

"Our revenues are expected to grow to US$ 4 billion next fiscal," said S. Gopalakrishnan (Kris), chief operating officer, president and joint managing director. "Our continuous investments in brand, infrastructure, technology, people, intellectual capital and service offerings have positioned us well to take full advantage of the continued globalisation of services."

Infosys has also informed the Bombay Stock Exchange that the board of directors of the company at its meeting held on April 13, 2007, inter alia, has recommended a final dividend of Rs 6.50 per share (130 per cent on the equity share par value Rs 5).

Further the company has informed that, the board of directors has approved the following changes in the senior management of the Company that will become effective from June 22, 2007.

Nandan M Nilekani becomes the co-chairman of the board

S Gopalakrishnan assumes the role of chief executive officer and managing director.

S D Shibulal assumes the role of chief operating officer of the company.

Offshore salary

Infosys said it has increased offshore salaries by around 12-15 per cent for 2007-08.

The company's head-HRD, education & research, T V Mohandas Pai said the company is making substantial investments in creating a scalable training engine in Mysore to support its future growth.

"By December 2007, we will have the capacity to train 13,500 employees at a time," Pai said.

Source: Bombay Stock Exchange and PTI

Importance of Sitemap in SEO

2007-04-10T06:24:00.000-07:00

What is a Sitemap?

A sitemap displays the inner framework and organization of your site's content to the search engines. Your sitemap should reflect the way visitors would intuitively work through your site. Years ago sitemaps existed only as a boring series of links in líst förm. Today, they are thought of as an extension of your site. You should use your sitemap as a tool to provide your visitor and the search engines with more content. Create details for each section and sub-section through descriptive text placed under the sitemap link. This will help your visitors understand and navigate through your site, and will also give you more food for the search engines. You can even go crazy and add Flash to your sitemap like we did with the interactive Bruce Clay sitemap! Of course, if you do include a Flash sitemap for your visitor, you will also need to include a text map so that the robots can read it.

A good site map will:

Show a quick, easy to follow overview of your site. Provide a pathway for the search engine robots to follow. Provide text links to every page of your site. Quickly show visitors how to get where they need to go. Give visitors a short description of what they can expect to find on each page. Utilize important keyword phrases.

Why They Are Important?

Sitemaps are very important for two main reasons. First, your sitemap provides food for the search engine spiders that crawl your site. The sitemap will give the spider links to all the major pages of your site, allowing every page included on your sitemap to be indexed by the spider. This is a very good thing! Having all of your major pages included in the search engine database will make your site more likely to come up in the search engine results when a user performs a query. Your sitemap pushes the search engine toward the individual pages of your site instead of making them hunt around for links. A well planned site map can ensure your Web site is fully indexed by search engines. Sitemaps are also very valuable for you human visitors. They help them to understand your site structure and layout, while giving them quick access to your entire site. It is also helpful for lost users in need of a lifeline. Often if a visitor finds themselves lost or stuck inside your page, he will begin to look for a way out of his hole. Having a detailed sitemap will show him how to get back on track and find what he was looking for. Without it, your visitor would have just closed the browser or headed back over to the search engines. Conversion lost.

Take the BEST money decisions for you

2007-03-29T02:04:00.000-07:00

These are very obvious, yet very little understood. Let me highlight four examples that, I believe, are quite pertinent now.
1. Rate of Interest
Let's talk about short-term interest rates. The equation is simple: if rates go up, markets go down and vice versa. That is all that there is.
Basically, the government hikes interest rates to regulate the economy. Let's look at the simpler side: people are generally risk- or loss-averse and tend to prefer security in their earnings.
So if interest rates rise, the money moves to safer, more secure havens. Money tends to move where it is treated best.
Unfortunately, for us, institutional money moves at a pace that retail investors cannot match. Hence, before retail investors act, they would have accumulated reds in their portfolio.
What should we do to act knowledgeably? If rates are rising and stock prices are falling, the reverse will also happen in due course. Rising interest rates does not mean you start selling. Perhaps, you could start selective buying.
Rising rates can have severe effects. And it is wise not to be too aggressive in such times.
2. Index levels
The second thing most people do is make decisions based on the index levels. This does not make any sense. Why? Very simple.
The indices -- Sensex, Nifty -- are generally a very poor measure of the overall health of the market. They represent a few stocks and are subject to movement in a few stocks.
If you really want to study the trend, perhaps you should look at the advance/ decline ratios for a while, perhaps months, and then make an analysis. That will give you a broad level insight into the real health of the market.
Companies are an ongoing concern. A falling index does not mean the company will shut down and the business will not grow. A well managed company will continue to make strategies to tide over differing demands based on their product/ service life cycle.
3. Price
A Rs 30 stock is not necessarily cheaper than a Rs 300 stock. The real value of a stock does not depend on market price. It depends on the earning capability of the company.
In the short term, it is driven by emotions. But, in the long run, earnings dictate the gains you make as a shareholder. Similarly, a Rs 10 net asset value (NAV) does not mean a new fund offering is cheaper than existing ones.
So even if you invested in a Rs 200 NAV fund in both cases, your fresh money will enter the market at almost the same time.
In all probability, if the fund NAV is Rs 200 or so, look at its inception date. This will reflect the manner and consistency with which the fund has been managed over the years. That would be a knowledgeable, prudent decision to make.
4. Dividends
Dividends from shares and mutual funds are quite different. The first is reflective of a profitable company that is keen to add to shareholder wealth. This is healthy, welcome and the more, the better.
Now, investing in a mutual fund based on information of the dividend declaration is ridiculous. It is your own money coming back to you. The market value of your investment is the difference between what you invested and the dividend you got.
You would have done a couple of transactions instead of one with no particular benefit. To have this money treated as tax-free income, you need to hold your investment for many months.
What if, in this time, the fund underperforms or does not perform in line with peers? You would have made an opportunity loss.
In the times we live, information inflow is ample; knowledge is really sparse. It is, unfortunately, only available by doing all the hard work yourself.

Anil Kumble quitting ODIs

2007-03-28T03:55:00.000-07:00

Anil Kumble leg spinner of Indian creicket announced hi retirement from One Day international crecket. The 36-year old revealed his retirement to team-mates on Monday night in Port of Spain, soon after India were knocked out of the tournament last week.

He will continue playing Test matches.

Anil Kumble born 17 October 1970 in Bangalore, Karnataka is an Indian cricketer who has been a member of the Indian cricket team since 1990. He is currently the highest wicket-taker for India in both One Day International and Test matches, having taken over 500 Test wickets and 300 ODI wickets. He is one of only two bowlers ever to have taken all 10 wickets in a test innings. Among leg spinners from all countries, only Shane Warne has taken more Test wickets. Kumble is currently ranked the 4th best bowler in Tests by the International Cricket Council.

Kumble is one of only two bowlers ever (the other being Jim Laker of England) to have taken all 10 wickets in a Test innings. Kumble achieved this against Pakistan in the second Test played in New Delhi, India between 4 February and 8 February 1999,

Mission Ended of Indian Cricket Team

2007-03-27T05:14:00.000-07:00

After loosing Match with Srilanka Indian Mission of World Cup is ended. India played three matches in this world cup. First match with Bangladesh a team with a very less experience players. But indian players could not win. second match with Ireland , indian players played very well against this unexperienced team. Third match with Srilanka, India looses this matche. Indian loves cricket and India team has a lots of greate players like Dravid , Sachin , Sehwag, Dhoni, Yuvraj. Selection committe should take some tough decision for future. Indian People are very disappointed due to early exit of their team from world cup.